[Complications of double J ureteral stents].

Abstract

The double J ureteral stents have become an integral part of the urological armentarium. They allow good urinary drainage from kidney to the bladder and usually are safe and well tolerated. However, different complications may occur with short or long-term use of indwelling stents. These complications have varied from minor side effects such as hematuria, dysuria, frequency, flank and suprapubic pain to major complications such as vesico-ureteric reflux, migration, encrustation, urinary infection, stent fracture, necrosis and ureteroarterial fistula. Mostly of complications require removal of the indwelling catheter.