Perfluorochemical oxygen carriers: potential uses in neurosciences.

D E Sakas, G Stranjalis, K Whittaker, H L Whitwell
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Abstract

In this article we review recent developments in the field of "first-" and "second-generation" perfluorochemical (PFC) oxygen carriers. Particular emphasis is placed on the latest research and its implications regarding the clinical and experimental neurosciences. These compounds are ideally suited to the transportation of O2 within the vascular system. Two properties that facilitate their use in this respect are their very high solubility coefficients for O2 and CO2 and their biological inertness. Unfortunately, their widespread use has been limited by logistical difficulties associated particularly with their molecular behavior in vivo. However, advances in PFC technology have led to renewed interest. A potential role for second-generation PFCs in cerebral protection is exciting. Other possible significant applications are slowly becoming established in clinical practice. Currently under investigation are potential uses in the management of severe head injuries, radiotherapy or chemotherapy of malignant brain tumors, protection against air embolism, preservation of organs for transplantation, and as a tool in microsurgery of the retina or other parts of the CNS. Diagnostic neuroimaging applications could include the employment of PFCs as adjuncts in ultrasound, Doppler, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) to achieve enhanced imaging and precise staging of inflammatory, neoplastic, and vascular disease processes. Research applications could include their use in magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in assessing cerebral blood flow, local oxygen tension, and brain metabolism, in molecule-specific imaging, and as physiological markers of O2, ions, and pH.

全氟化学氧载体:在神经科学中的潜在用途。
本文综述了“第一代”和“第二代”全氟化学(PFC)氧载体领域的最新进展。特别强调的是最新的研究及其对临床和实验神经科学的影响。这些化合物非常适合血管系统内氧的运输。促进其在这方面使用的两个特性是它们对O2和CO2的高溶解度系数和它们的生物惰性。不幸的是,它们的广泛使用受到后勤困难的限制,特别是与它们在体内的分子行为有关。然而,PFC技术的进步重新引起了人们的兴趣。第二代全氟化合物在脑保护中的潜在作用令人兴奋。其他可能的重要应用正在临床实践中慢慢建立起来。目前正在研究的潜在用途包括严重头部损伤的治疗、恶性脑肿瘤的放疗或化疗、防止空气栓塞、器官移植的保存,以及作为视网膜或中枢神经系统其他部位显微外科手术的工具。诊断性神经影像学应用可包括使用pfc作为超声、多普勒、计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振(MR)的辅助手段,以实现增强成像和精确分期炎症、肿瘤和血管疾病过程。研究应用包括在磁共振成像和光谱学中评估脑血流量、局部氧张力和脑代谢,在分子特异性成像中,以及作为O2、离子和pH值的生理标记。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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