A re-evaluation of the tissue distribution and physiology of xanthine oxidoreductase.

The Histochemical Journal Pub Date : 1994-12-01
A Kooij
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Abstract

Xanthine oxidoreductase is an enzyme which has the unusual property that it can exist in a dehydrogenase form which uses NAD+ and an oxidase form which uses oxygen as electron acceptor. Both forms have a high affinity for hypoxanthine and xanthine as substrates. In addition, conversion of one form to the other may occur under different conditions. The exact function of the enzyme is still unknown but it seems to play a role in purine catabolism, detoxification of xenobiotics and antioxidant capacity by producing urate. The oxidase form produces reactive oxygen species and, therefore, the enzyme is thought to be involved in various pathological processes such as tissue injury due to ischaemia followed by reperfusion, but its role is still a matter of debate. The present review summarizes information that has become available about the enzyme. Interpretations of contradictory findings are presented in order to reduce confusion that still exists with respect to the role of this enzyme in physiology and pathology.

黄嘌呤氧化还原酶的组织分布和生理特征的再评价。
黄嘌呤氧化还原酶是一种具有特殊性质的酶它可以以使用NAD+的脱氢酶形式和使用氧作为电子受体的氧化酶形式存在。这两种形式对次黄嘌呤和作为底物的黄嘌呤都有很高的亲和力。此外,一种形式到另一种形式的转换可能发生在不同的条件下。该酶的确切功能尚不清楚,但它似乎在嘌呤分解代谢中发挥作用,通过产生尿酸盐解毒和抗氧化能力。氧化酶形式产生活性氧,因此,该酶被认为参与各种病理过程,如缺血后再灌注引起的组织损伤,但其作用仍有争议。本文综述了有关该酶的现有信息。为了减少仍然存在的关于这种酶在生理和病理中的作用的混淆,提出了对相互矛盾的发现的解释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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