Temperature gradients in the microwave-irradiated egg: implications for avian teratogenesis.

R L Clarke, D R Justesen
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引用次数: 10

Abstract

Five experiments were performed on a total of 60 non-fertile eggs of Gallus gallus to determine the spatial character, persistence, and physical basis of thermal gradients after a 300-s exposure to the intense, multipath, 2.45-GHz yield of a multimode cavity (dose rates: approximately 80 to 120 mW/g). After irradiation of an intact egg that was first equilibrated to the ambient temperature, a 3-mm diameter Plexiglas rod, which was fitted with junctions of four microwire thermocouples at 10-mm intervals, was inserted to place the distal junction in the approximate center of the yolk, the most proximal junction in peripheral thin white. Temperatures measured immediately after irradiation revealed a highly reliable linear gradient of mean temperatures from central yolk to peripheral white (P less than 0.001). The gradient was also highly persistent: Mean temperatures of central yolk exceeded those of outer thin white by more than 4 degrees C 5 minutes after irradiation, and by more than 2 degrees C 60 minutes afterward. In contrast, when an egg's contents were mixed before irradiation, the gradient was effectively eliminated. A previous report of athermally induced (field-specific) teratogenesis in chick embryos is placed under an interpretive cloud by the present findings: Terata emerged from eggs that were structurally intact during microwave irradiation, but estimates of maxima of embryonic temperatures were based on thermal measurements of non-fertile eggs the contents of which had been mixed by a thermal probe before irradiation.

微波辐照鸡蛋的温度梯度:对禽类致畸的影响。
在60个未受精的鸡卵上进行了五项实验,以确定暴露于多模腔(剂量率约为80至120 mW/g)的强、多径、2.45 ghz产率300 s后热梯度的空间特征、持久性和物理基础。在将一个完整的鸡蛋照射到环境温度后,插入一个直径3毫米的有机玻璃棒,该有机玻璃棒以10毫米的间隔安装有四个微丝热电偶的结,将远端结置于蛋黄的近似中心,最近端结置于外围薄白色。辐照后立即测量的温度显示,平均温度从蛋黄中心到外周蛋白呈高度可靠的线性梯度(P < 0.001)。这种梯度也非常持久:辐照后5分钟,中心蛋黄的平均温度比外层薄蛋白的平均温度高出4摄氏度以上,60分钟后高出2摄氏度以上。相比之下,当鸡蛋的内容物在辐照前混合时,梯度被有效地消除了。先前关于鸡胚中热致(特定领域)畸胎症的报道被目前的研究结果置于一个解释的阴云之下:在微波照射期间,畸胎症是从结构完整的鸡蛋中产生的,但对胚胎最高温度的估计是基于对未受精鸡蛋的热测量,这些鸡蛋的内容物在照射前用热探针混合。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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