Casting and orthotics for children.

Abstract

The functional and behavioral aspects of children require age-dependent orthotic therapy. For excessive pronation, these age groups have been discussed: 7 to 18 months, 18 months to 3 years, 3 to 6 years, 6 to 10 years, and over 10 years. Intoeing, out-toeing, pes cavus, peroneal spastic flatfoot, calcaneal apophysitis, and os vesalianum therapies with orthotics have also been outlined.