Highly efficient, remarkable sensor activity and energy storage properties of MXenes and borophene nanomaterials

Abstract

Sensors are regarded as a fundamental vector for sustainable development of future advanced civilization. To satisfy the demands of future generations, fabrication of advanced sensor systems integrated with artificial intelligence (AI), fifth generation (5G) connectivity, machine learning (ML), and internet of things (IoTs) is growing very fast. Incorporation of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (NMs) with IoTs/5G/AI/ML technologies has transformed wide range of sensor applications in healthcare, wearable electronics for, safety, environment, military, space, and agriculture sectors. Finally, to operate those sensors we need powerful energy storage devices (ESDs) and hence advance 2D NMs. Since the discovery of MXenes NMs in 2011, and 2D boron nanosheets (NSs) (borophene) on Ag substrates (2015) their research has been accelerated in the domains of advanced nanotechnological world. Borophene and MXenes NMs have came out as an outstanding 2D NMs to construct next generation novel sensors and ESDs due to their novel physicochemical properties and surface functions. By lowering costs, requiring fewer resources (including labor), and minimizing contamination, ML/AI based theoretical simulation has effectively directed the study and manufacturing of improved 2D NMs based sensors/ESDs applications on large scale industrial level. Modern 2D NMs based flexible sensors and ESDs can fundamentally alter the traditional sensing/ESDs technologies since they are adaptable, wearable, intelligent, portable, biocompatible, energy-efficient, self-sustaining, point-of-care, affordable etc. this review summarized the MXenes and borophene NMs synthesis with corresponding achievements, and there advancement, limitations, and challenges in sensors/ESDs technological applications.