Implementing BBNJ across fisheries institutions: policy options for interoperable ocean governance

IF 3.4 2区生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Frontiers in Marine Science Pub Date : 2026-10-22 DOI:10.3389/fmars.2026.1986237

Wanwoo Nam

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The entry into force of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) creates a practical implementation problem for fisheries governance. Biodiversity information, area-based management, environmental assessment, fisheries authorization, vessel identity, port measures, maritime safety and market controls are governed by institutions that were not designed as a single compliance system. This Policy and Practice Review uses a structured qualitative institutional appraisal to compare four governance architectures—autonomous implementation, centralized integration, sectoral liaison, and federated interoperability with phased implementation. The method specifies a source hierarchy, four units of comparison, six pre-defined criteria, and an evidence-to-finding protocol that distinguishes existing-authority fit, conditional adaptation and structural constraint. Each finding is tied to treaty text, official institutional material and relevant peer-reviewed scholarship available through 31 August 2026. The legal foundation for cross-regime coexistence is anchored in BBNJ Agreement articles 5(2), 22, 29, 47(6)(c) and 51, which combine non-undermining, cooperation and coordination, respect for institutional competences, and links to existing information mechanisms. The comparison does not claim to predict governmental policy choices or empirically prove an optimal design. Instead, it identifies institutionally workable options under stated legal and administrative constraints. On that basis, federated interoperability is carried forward as a conditional policy proposition for staged testing, subject to provenance controls, verification and legal assessment by the competent authorities, cybersecurity, capacity support and review. The article proposes a three-stage pathway—pre-COP mapping, first-COP institutionalization, and post-COP pilots and review—linking BBNJ bodies, RFMOs, FAO/PSMA mechanisms, IMO-related systems and national administrations.

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跨渔业机构实施BBNJ：可互操作海洋治理的政策选择

《联合国海洋法公约关于养护和可持续利用国家管辖区外海洋生物多样性的协定》（BBNJ协定）的生效为渔业治理带来了实际执行问题。生物多样性信息、基于区域的管理、环境评估、渔业授权、船舶身份、港口措施、海上安全和市场控制由一些机构管理，而这些机构的设计并不是作为一个单一的合规系统。本政策和实践回顾使用结构化的定性制度评估来比较四种治理体系结构——自治实现、集中集成、部门联络和分阶段实现的联合互操作性。该方法指定了一个源层次结构、四个比较单元、六个预定义标准和一个区分现有权威匹配、条件适应和结构约束的证据查找协议。每项发现都与条约文本、官方机构材料和截至2026年8月31日的相关同行评议奖学金相关联。跨制度共存的法律基础是《黑曜山协定》第5(2)、22、29、47(6)(c)和51条，其中结合了不破坏、合作与协调、尊重机构权限以及与现有信息机制的联系。这种比较并不能预测政府的政策选择，也不能从经验上证明这是一种最优设计。相反，它在规定的法律和行政限制下确定了制度上可行的选择。在此基础上，联合互操作性作为一项有条件的政策主张进行分阶段测试，并接受主管部门的来源控制、验证和法律评估、网络安全、能力支持和审查。这篇文章提出了一个三阶段的路径：缔约方会议前的制图、第一次缔约方会议的制度化以及缔约方会议后的试点和审查，将BBNJ机构、区域渔业管理组织、粮农组织/PSMA机制、国际海事组织相关系统和国家行政部门联系起来。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Marine Science Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Aquatic Science

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

16.20%

发文量

2443

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Marine Science publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research that advances our understanding of all aspects of the environment, biology, ecosystem functioning and human interactions with the oceans. Field Chief Editor Carlos M. Duarte at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, policy makers and the public worldwide. With the human population predicted to reach 9 billion people by 2050, it is clear that traditional land resources will not suffice to meet the demand for food or energy, required to support high-quality livelihoods. As a result, the oceans are emerging as a source of untapped assets, with new innovative industries, such as aquaculture, marine biotechnology, marine energy and deep-sea mining growing rapidly under a new era characterized by rapid growth of a blue, ocean-based economy. The sustainability of the blue economy is closely dependent on our knowledge about how to mitigate the impacts of the multiple pressures on the ocean ecosystem associated with the increased scale and diversification of industry operations in the ocean and global human pressures on the environment. Therefore, Frontiers in Marine Science particularly welcomes the communication of research outcomes addressing ocean-based solutions for the emerging challenges, including improved forecasting and observational capacities, understanding biodiversity and ecosystem problems, locally and globally, effective management strategies to maintain ocean health, and an improved capacity to sustainably derive resources from the oceans.