Patient-reported evolution of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool after arthroscopic anatomic lateral ligament reconstruction: A retrospective study of 134 cases

IF 3.2 Q2 ORTHOPEDICS

Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics Pub Date : 2026-10-15 DOI:10.1002/jeo2.70952

Ibrahim Saliba, Olivier Grimaud, Vincent Fontanier, Frederic Khiami, Yoann Bohu, Nicolas Lefevre, Alexandre Hardy

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose

To describe the longitudinal evolution of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) after arthroscopic anatomic lateral ligament reconstruction (AALR) and examine associations between CAIT-defined patient-perceived stability, return to sport (RTS) and preoperative factors.

Methods

This retrospective single-centre cohort included 134 athletic patients who underwent AALR between January 2019 and January 2023 and had at least 12 months of follow-up. CAIT was assessed preoperatively and at 3, 6 and 12 months. Patient-perceived stability was defined as CAIT ≥ 24. Repeated continuous and binary outcomes were assessed using paired-data methods. RTS was defined as self-reported resumption of sport by 12 months, irrespective of level.

Results

Median CAIT increased from 8 preoperatively to 23, 26 and 28 at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively (overall p < 0.001). CAIT-defined stability increased from 5/134 (3.7%) preoperatively to 55/134 (41.0%), 91/134 (67.9%) and 96/134 (71.6%) at 3, 6 and 12 months (overall p < 0.001). Most improvement occurred by 6 months. Overall, 112 patients (83.6%) reported RTS by 12 months. Higher CAIT at 3, 6 and 12 months was associated with RTS. In exploratory multivariable analysis, preoperative ankle ligament reconstruction-return to sport after injury was positively associated with 12-month CAIT-defined stability (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–1.04; p = 0.043), whereas nonpivot sport was negatively associated compared with pivot-contact sport (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09–0.75; p = 0.014). Four patients (3.0%) underwent fibular button removal.

Conclusion

Patient-reported ankle function measured by CAIT improved during the first postoperative year after AALR, with the largest change occurring by 6 months. CAIT may complement, but should not replace, objective examination and multidimensional RTS assessment. The identified associations are exploratory and require prospective validation.

Level of Evidence

Level III.

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患者报告的关节镜解剖侧韧带重建后Cumberland踝关节不稳定工具的演变：对134例病例的回顾性研究

目的描述关节镜解剖侧韧带重建（AALR）后Cumberland踝关节不稳定工具（CAIT）的纵向演变，并研究CAIT定义的患者感知稳定性、运动恢复（RTS）和术前因素之间的关系。方法本回顾性单中心队列研究纳入了134例2019年1月至2023年1月期间接受AALR治疗的运动患者，随访时间至少为12个月。术前、3个月、6个月和12个月对CAIT进行评估。患者感知稳定性定义为CAIT≥24。使用配对数据方法评估重复连续和二元结果。RTS被定义为12个月后自我报告的运动恢复，无论水平如何。结果中位CAIT分别从术前的8例增加到3、6和12个月时的23、26和28例（总p <； 0.001）。cait定义的稳定性从术前的5/134（3.7%）增加到3、6和12个月时的55/134（41.0%）、91/134（67.9%）和96/134(71.6%)（总p <； 0.001）。大多数改善发生在6个月后。总体而言，112名患者（83.6%）在12个月内报告了RTS。3、6和12个月时较高的CAIT与RTS相关。在探索性多变量分析中，术前踝关节韧带重建-损伤后恢复运动与cait定义的12个月稳定性呈正相关（优势比[OR]: 1.02, 95%可信区间[CI]: 1.00-1.04; p = 0.043），而非支点运动与支点接触运动呈负相关（OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09-0.75; p = 0.014）。4例（3.0%）行腓骨钮扣摘除术。结论采用CAIT测量患者报告的踝关节功能在AALR术后第一年有所改善，最大变化发生在6个月。CAIT可以补充，但不应取代客观考试和多维RTS评估。确定的关联是探索性的，需要前瞻性的验证。证据等级三级。

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