Quantifying the Influence of Yttrium Doping on the Densification Window of Barium Titanate during Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL)-Driven Ultrafast Sintering

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of The European Ceramic Society Pub Date : 2026-10-12 DOI:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2026.118959

Minsu Heo, Huisu Shin, Chang-Hui Jeong, Hyunjin Park, Junsu Kim, Don-Kyu Kim, Useong Jeong, Yonghoon Kim, Jiwan Kim, Jin-Ha Hwang, Hyun-Sik Kim

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Functional perovskite oxides such as barium titanate (BaTiO₃) are vital for electronic components, yet conventional sintering often causes deleterious grain coarsening. We report a transformative ultrafast sintering approach using vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) technology, achieving rapid densification with a substantial reduction in dwell time. By integrating closed-loop proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control with operando optical dilatometry, we provide time-resolved quantification of sintering kinetics. Results show that yttrium doping constricts the shrinkage temperature window (ΔT) at the highest Y content investigated. The observed grain refinement is consistent with inhibited grain boundary mobility but is accompanied by lower final density at higher Y content. This work establishes a quantitative, kinetics-based descriptor for evaluating densification behavior on a reduced thermal budget. This platform offers a scalable, energy-efficient route for next-generation electronic components, with the potential to reduce reliance on traditional trial-and-error approaches.

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垂直腔面发射激光（VCSEL）驱动超快烧结过程中钇掺杂对钛酸钡致密化窗口的影响

钛酸钡（BaTiO3）等功能钙钛矿氧化物对电子元件至关重要，但传统的烧结通常会导致有害的晶粒粗化。我们报告了一种使用垂直腔表面发射激光（VCSEL）技术的变革性超快烧结方法，在大幅度减少停留时间的情况下实现了快速致密化。通过将闭环比例-积分-导数（PID）控制与操作光学膨胀测量相结合，我们提供了烧结动力学的时间分辨定量。结果表明，在研究的最高Y含量处，钇掺杂缩小了收缩温度窗（ΔT）。观察到的晶粒细化与晶界迁移率的抑制一致，但在高Y含量下，伴随着较低的最终密度。这项工作建立了一个定量的、基于动力学的描述，用于评估在减少热预算下的致密化行为。该平台为下一代电子元件提供了一种可扩展的、节能的路线，有可能减少对传统试错方法的依赖。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of The European Ceramic Society 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

12.30%

发文量

863

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of the European Ceramic Society publishes the results of original research and reviews relating to ceramic materials. Papers of either an experimental or theoretical character will be welcomed on a fully international basis. The emphasis is on novel generic science concerning the relationships between processing, microstructure and properties of polycrystalline ceramics consolidated at high temperature. Papers may relate to any of the conventional categories of ceramic: structural, functional, traditional or composite. The central objective is to sustain a high standard of research quality by means of appropriate reviewing procedures.