Robotic selective thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis: refined technique and anatomical variation.

Abstract

Primary hyperhidrosis substantially impairs quality of life. Conventional sympathectomy risks compensatory hyperhidrosis through trunk disruption, whilst selective sympathectomy preserves the trunk while dividing preganglionic and postganglionic fibres. We describe a technique refinement and a previously undescribed anatomical variant. A 23-year-old man had severe refractory palmar, axillary, plantar and gustatory hyperhidrosis (SSDS 4) profoundly affecting his confidence, social functioning and mental wellbeing, despite conservative management. He underwent staged bilateral robotic selective dorsal thoracic sympathectomy. Preganglionic and postganglionic fibres were divided from the top of T2 to T4 with trunk preservation. Refinements included resection from the top of the second rib, minimal diathermy with sharp dissection and non-touch technique using Maryland bipolar forceps. On the right, a postganglionic ramus ascending retrogradely from a displaced T3 ganglion into the third intercostal space was identified, previously undescribed in the literature, requiring dissection across the fourth rib to prevent hypothesized residual axillary hyperhidrosis. Both stages were completed 1 month apart, drain-free, with next-day discharge. There was complete symptom resolution, no Horner's syndrome and no compensatory hyperhidrosis at follow-up.