{"title":"Characteristics of Wintertime Atmospheric PM1 in a Megacity in the Yangtze River Delta, China: A Comparative Study of 2015 and 2022","authors":"Haifeng Meng, Yuanlong Huang, Shiyue Yang, Shijie Cui, Yangzhou Wu, Ning Zhang, Liangyu Feng, Xinlei Ge, Mindong Chen, Junfeng Wang, Eleonora Aruffoa","doi":"10.1007/s41810-025-00327-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the impact of air pollution control measures on particulate matter (PM) is essential for developing effective environmental policies and improving public health. This study compares the chemical composition and size distribution of <i>submicron particulate matter</i> (PM<sub>1</sub>) in Nanjing, a typical city in the Yangtze River Delta, during the winters of 2015 and 2022. The findings indicate that the PM<sub>1</sub> concentration in Nanjing decreased by around 33% in 2022 <i>compared</i> to 2015. Sulfate concentrations decreased by 50%, while reductions were also observed in refractory black carbon (<i>r</i>BC), ammonium, and chloride. The overall average mass concentration of PM<sub>1</sub> decreased from 46 <i>μg</i><sup><i>− 3</i></sup> in 2015 to 31 <i>µg m</i><sup><i>− 3</i></sup> in 2022, representing a significant reduction of 33%. The study highlights a shift in the dominant secondary inorganic aerosols from sulfates in 2015 to nitrates in 2022, attributed to changes in primary precursor emissions and enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity. The results underscore the effectiveness of the <i>Clean Air Action Plan (CAA)</i> in reducing primary pollutant emissions and provide insights into the evolving role of secondary aerosol formation in urban air quality. Future research should focus on long-term monitoring to further elucidate the mechanisms driving these changes and to support ongoing air quality improvement efforts. These distinctions are evident not only in pollutant concentrations but also in the types and distribution characteristics of the pollutants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36991,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","volume":"10 5","pages":"733 - 743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aerosol Science and Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41810-025-00327-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Understanding the impact of air pollution control measures on particulate matter (PM) is essential for developing effective environmental policies and improving public health. This study compares the chemical composition and size distribution of submicron particulate matter (PM1) in Nanjing, a typical city in the Yangtze River Delta, during the winters of 2015 and 2022. The findings indicate that the PM1 concentration in Nanjing decreased by around 33% in 2022 compared to 2015. Sulfate concentrations decreased by 50%, while reductions were also observed in refractory black carbon (rBC), ammonium, and chloride. The overall average mass concentration of PM1 decreased from 46 μg− 3 in 2015 to 31 µg m− 3 in 2022, representing a significant reduction of 33%. The study highlights a shift in the dominant secondary inorganic aerosols from sulfates in 2015 to nitrates in 2022, attributed to changes in primary precursor emissions and enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity. The results underscore the effectiveness of the Clean Air Action Plan (CAA) in reducing primary pollutant emissions and provide insights into the evolving role of secondary aerosol formation in urban air quality. Future research should focus on long-term monitoring to further elucidate the mechanisms driving these changes and to support ongoing air quality improvement efforts. These distinctions are evident not only in pollutant concentrations but also in the types and distribution characteristics of the pollutants.
期刊介绍：
ASE is an international journal that publishes high-quality papers, communications, and discussion that advance aerosol science and engineering. Acceptable article forms include original research papers, review articles, letters, commentaries, news and views, research highlights, editorials, correspondence, and new-direction columns. ASE emphasizes the application of aerosol technology to both environmental and technical issues, and it provides a platform not only for basic research but also for industrial interests. We encourage scientists and researchers to submit papers that will advance our knowledge of aerosols and highlight new approaches for aerosol studies and new technologies for pollution control. ASE promotes cutting-edge studies of aerosol science and state-of-art instrumentation, but it is not limited to academic topics and instead aims to bridge the gap between basic science and industrial applications. ASE accepts papers covering a broad range of aerosol-related topics, including aerosol physical and chemical properties, composition, formation, transport and deposition, numerical simulation of air pollution incidents, chemical processes in the atmosphere, aerosol control technologies and industrial applications. In addition, ASE welcomes papers involving new and advanced methods and technologies that focus on aerosol pollution, sampling and analysis, including the invention and development of instrumentation, nanoparticle formation, nano technology, indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring, air pollution control, and air pollution remediation and feasibility assessments.
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