Hormonal imbalances and neuroendocrine influences in temporomandibular disorders: A scoping review of the evidence.

IF 5.4 4区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice Pub Date : 2026-10-11 DOI:10.1080/08869634.2026.2746501

Bernardo Correia Lima, Pedro Américo Dos Santos Felizardo, Lucas Maia Nogueira, Leonardo Brigido Metello Neves, Ricardo Grillo, Mariana Aparecida Brozoski

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) display a marked female predominance and fluctuate across reproductive stages, suggesting hormonal and neuroendocrine contributions.

Objectives: To map the evidence on hormonal imbalances and neuroendocrine influences in TMD across six domains.

Methods: A scoping review following JBI and PRISMA-ScR. Searches of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to July 2026 identified 3,147 records. The review protocol was registered on OSF (https://osf.io/qf2we).

Results: 274 studies were included, comprising 168 human studies and 106 preclinical studies. Human evidence consistently supports associations between hormonal factors and TMD. Estrogens, progesterone, and androgens modulate TMJ tissue remodeling, inflammation, and nociceptive processing. Reproductive endocrine disorders are consistently associated with TMD. Estrogen receptor polymorphisms are consistently associated with TMD. HPA axis dysregulation is consistently associated with TMD.

Conclusions: Hormonal and neuroendocrine factors are consistently associated with TMD through multiple mechanisms. Standardized longitudinal studies and validated patient-reported outcomes are needed.

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来源期刊

Cranio-The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

12.50%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： CRANIO: The Journal of Craniomandibular & Sleep Practice is the oldest and largest journal in the world devoted to temporomandibular disorders, and now also includes articles on all aspects of sleep medicine. The Journal is multidisciplinary in its scope, with editorial board members from all areas of medicine and dentistry, including general dentists, oral surgeons, orthopaedists, radiologists, chiropractors, professors and behavioural scientists, physical therapists, acupuncturists, osteopathic and ear, nose and throat physicians. CRANIO publishes commendable works from outstanding researchers and clinicians in their respective fields. The multidisciplinary format allows individuals practicing with a TMD emphasis to stay abreast of related disciplines, as each issue presents multiple topics from overlapping areas of interest. CRANIO''s current readership (thousands) is comprised primarily of dentists; however, many physicians, physical therapists, chiropractors, osteopathic physicians and other related specialists subscribe and contribute to the Journal.