Strengthening School-Based Food and Nutrition Education in Ghana: Gaps, Opportunities, and a Roadmap for Action

Abstract

Background

Malnutrition among school-age children and adolescents in Ghana is driven by poor diet quality and weakly regulated school food environments (SFEs). School-based Food and Nutrition Education (SFNE) is a key strategy, but its effectiveness depends on coordinated capacity across sectors. This study assessed the enabling factors, and priority actions for institutionalising SFNE.

Methods

The FAO SFNE capacity needs assessment tool was used, with a multi-phase qualitative study design. Document review and stakeholder mapping were conducted, followed by a two-day consultative workshop. Capacities were assessed across system levels and prioritised through ranking.

Results

Ghana has supportive SNFE policies; however, implementation is fragmented, lacks unified legal framework, and constrained by inadequate data. Integration into curricula, teacher training, and SFEs is weak, with reliance on short-term funding. Priority actions included strengthening coordination, developing standards; improving data systems, aligning curricula, enhancing SFEs, and sustainable financing.

Implication for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

Institutionalising SFNE will ensure learners receive high-quality equitable nutrition education and access to supportive school food environment.

Conclusion

Ghana is well-positioned to institutionalise SFNE and may serve as a model for low- and middle-income countries.