{"title":"Endocrine complications of COVID-19: diabetes, musculoskeletal, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal disorders.","authors":"Kamyar Asadipooya, Srividya Sriramula","doi":"10.1210/jendso/bvag219","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 is generally associated with both short- and long-term complications. It can affect multiple organ systems and lead to severe or prolonged organ dysfunction, including the endocrine system. It also places a substantial burden on individuals and the health-care system. Therefore, providing up-to-date information for health-care providers is valuable. In this review, we aim to consolidate the current literature regarding the endocrine complications of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular focus on diabetes, calcium homeostasis, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal disorders. Although current therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 are mainly limited to antivirals, symptomatic therapies, and supportive care, advances in understanding the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry and immune responses may support a more effective and personalized approach to clinical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":17334,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","volume":"10 10","pages":"bvag219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13635866/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the Endocrine Society","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvag219","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/10/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
COVID-19 is generally associated with both short- and long-term complications. It can affect multiple organ systems and lead to severe or prolonged organ dysfunction, including the endocrine system. It also places a substantial burden on individuals and the health-care system. Therefore, providing up-to-date information for health-care providers is valuable. In this review, we aim to consolidate the current literature regarding the endocrine complications of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular focus on diabetes, calcium homeostasis, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal disorders. Although current therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 are mainly limited to antivirals, symptomatic therapies, and supportive care, advances in understanding the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry and immune responses may support a more effective and personalized approach to clinical care.
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