The Analysis of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Chemical Composition by UPLC-Q-Exactive-Plus-Orbitrap-MS and GC-MS/MS.

IF 2.8 4区化学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry Pub Date : 2026-10-06 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI:10.1155/ianc/1248684

Nier Wu, Junni Qi, XinXin Jin, Chula Sa, Yan Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is widely used as a functional food and plays an important role in traditional medicine worldwide. However, a systematic analysis of its chemical components remains limited.

Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively identify and analyze the chemical composition of both polar and nonpolar fractions of fennel, specifically its aqueous extracts and volatile oils.

Methods: Polar metabolites, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins, were profiled using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive-plus-Orbitrap-MS), while gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was employed for the analysis of volatile constituents.

Results: A total of 87 compounds were identified in the fennel aqueous extract, including 10 flavonoids, 11 phenolic acids, 3 coumarins, 1 stilbene, 14 alkaloids, 13 organic acids, 7 fatty acids, 10 amino acids, 6 nucleosides, 2 glycosides, 3 terpenoids, and 6 other components (containing 1 sugar alcohol). In addition, 13 compounds were identified in the fennel volatile oil using n-hexane and ethyl acetate as solvents, comprising 11 monoterpenes and 2 phenylpropanoids.

Conclusion: These findings expand our understanding of the chemical composition of fennel and provide a foundation for elucidating its pharmacodynamic properties.

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茴香（Foeniculum vulgare Mill.）分析UPLC-Q-Exactive-Plus-Orbitrap-MS和GC-MS/MS测定化学成分。

背景：茴香（Foeniculum vulgare Mill.）作为一种功能食品被广泛使用，在世界范围内的传统医学中占有重要地位。然而，对其化学成分的系统分析仍然有限。目的：全面鉴定和分析茴香极性和非极性组分的化学成分，特别是茴香水提物和挥发油。方法：采用超高效液相色谱-四极柱-轨道阱-高分辨率质谱（uplc - q - extive -plus- orbitrap -MS）和气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）对酚酸、黄酮类化合物和香豆素等极性代谢产物进行分析。结果：从茴香水提物中共鉴定出87种化合物，包括10种黄酮类化合物、11种酚酸、3种香豆素、1种苯乙烯、14种生物碱、13种有机酸、7种脂肪酸、10种氨基酸、6种核苷、2种糖苷、3种萜类化合物和6种其他成分（含1种糖醇）。此外，以正己烷和乙酸乙酯为溶剂，从茴香挥发油中鉴定出13种化合物，包括11种单萜和2种苯丙素。结论：这些发现扩大了我们对茴香化学成分的认识，为阐明其药效学特性提供了基础。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL-

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

5.60%

发文量

117

期刊介绍： International Journal of Analytical Chemistry publishes original research articles that report new experimental results and methods, especially in relation to important analytes, difficult matrices, and topical samples. Investigations may be fundamental, or else related to specific applications; examples being biological, environmental and food testing, and analysis in chemical synthesis and materials processing. As well as original research, the International Journal of Analytical Chemistry also publishes focused review articles that examine the state of the art, identify emerging trends, and suggest future directions for developing fields.