Conserved Hinge Motif Modulates Conformational Mobility of a Heme Trafficking Protein from Fusobacterium nucleatum

Abstract

Fusobacterium nucleatum encodes HmuF, which has been shown in vitro to bind tightly to heme, traffic the cofactor to anaerobilin synthase, and catalyze the four-electron reduction of anaerobilin. The structure of the heme-bound HmuF paralog, FldH, reveals an α-helical cap appended to the flavodoxin domain. Molecular dynamics simulations of FldH without heme reveal that the α-helical cap pivots away from the flavodoxin domain to form an open complex, but then reforms the closed complex, which remains closed for the duration of the MD simulation. Transition to the open conformation disrupts noncovalent interactions formed by three conserved residues (cis-Pro151, His150, and Asp155) that form a hinge bisecting the cap and flavodoxin domain. ¹⁹F NMR was used to probe the dynamics of the cap and the role of the hinge motif. 1D NMR reveals that a single ¹⁹F-Tyr probe in the α-helical cap has two resonances that slowly exchange (τ = 1.5 ms). A H150A and D155N substitution caused coalescence of these two peaks, indicating faster exchange or stabilization of one conformer. A P151G substitution not only led to a shift in the ¹⁹F-Tyr128 peak(s), but also to the chemical shifts of the ¹⁹F-Tyr residues located in the flavodoxin fold, indicating a greater perturbation in protein structure. Despite the variants exhibiting different ¹⁹F-NMR spectra, all engage in heme trafficking and anaerobilin reduction. Together, these results indicate that while the conserved hinge fine-tunes the dynamics of the α-helical cap, this motif is not a strict prerequisite for HmuF/FldH function.