[Urinary incontinence physopathology].

Abstract

The lower urinary tract is responsible for storing and expelling urine in a micturition cycle that occurs several times daily. The regulation of this function is influenced by numerous endogenous and exogenous parameters. Anatomical integrity of the bladder-sphincter complex and sensory/motor nerve control is essential. The involuntary loss of urine that characterizes urinary incontinence (UI) reflects its dysfunction. There are several types of urinary incontinence: stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urge urinary incontinence (UUI), and mixed urinary incontinence. The mechanisms are numerous and differ according to the type of UI (e.g., UUI: irritative, neurological; SUI: gyneco-obstetrical, surgical). In both types of incontinence, past medical history and habits are worsening factors, such as being overweight, experiencing fluid imbalances, or lacking physical activity. The pad test and USP questionnaire help determine the severity and type of urinary incontinence. The treatment must be tailored to the cause and the factors contributing to them.