Ṣāḍguṇya: Foreign policy in ancient Bhārata

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IIMB Management Review Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-10 DOI:10.1016/j.iimb.2026.100711

Nityānanda Miśra

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Nītiśāstra, ‘the science of nīti’, is an ancient discipline in Bhārata (India), which has a long tradition of nīti, ‘the means of leading’. A subset of Nītiśāstra is rājanīti, which includes royal policy, statesmanship, and politics. Many Nītiśāstra works list six policies meant for dealing with other kings, i.e., foreign powers. These policies are called ṣāḍguṇya. In the Arthaśāstra, Ṣāḍguṇya is seen as both a situational strategy and a deliberate strategy. Examples of Ṣāḍguṇya policies are seen even in modern times. The Pañcatantra intriguingly teaches ṣāḍguṇya in the fable of the crows and the owls.

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Ṣāḍguṇya：古代外交政策Bhārata

Nītiśāstra是印度Bhārata（印度）的一门古老的学科，有着“领导的手段”的悠久传统。Nītiśāstra的一个子集是rājanīti，其中包括皇室政策、政治家风度和政治。许多Nītiśāstra的作品列出了六项政策，旨在与其他国王，即外国势力打交道。这些策略被称为ṣāḍguṇya。在Arthaśāstra中，Ṣāḍguṇya既是一种情境策略，也是一种深思熟虑的策略。即使在现代，也可以看到Ṣāḍguṇya政策的例子。在乌鸦和猫头鹰的寓言中Pañcatantra有趣地教导ṣāḍguṇya。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IIMB Management Review MANAGEMENT-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

5.90%

发文量

审稿时长

68 days

期刊介绍： IIMB Management Review (IMR) is a quarterly journal brought out by the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore. Addressed to management practitioners, researchers and academics, IMR aims to engage rigorously with practices, concepts and ideas in the field of management, with an emphasis on providing managerial insights, in a reader friendly format. To this end IMR invites manuscripts that provide novel managerial insights in any of the core business functions. The manuscript should be rigorous, that is, the findings should be supported by either empirical data or a well-justified theoretical model, and well written. While these two requirements are necessary for acceptance, they do not guarantee acceptance. The sole criterion for publication is contribution to the extant management literature.Although all manuscripts are welcome, our special emphasis is on papers that focus on emerging economies throughout the world. Such papers may either improve our understanding of markets in such economies through novel analyses or build models by taking into account the special characteristics of such economies to provide guidance to managers.