Analysis of strongly relativistic ion-acoustic solitons in multicomponent plasmas comprising negative ions and non-isothermal electrons

Abstract

The occurrence of ion-acoustic solitons (IASs) in a multicomponent unmagnetized plasma consisting of relativistic positive ions, relativistic negative ions, and non-isothermal electrons has been studied through modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation by utilizing reductive perturbative method (RPM). The higher-order relativistic effects for \(\gamma_{i,j} \approx O\left( {\frac{{v_{i,j}^{4} }}{{c^{4} }}} \right)\) as well as more pronounced relativistic effects for \(\gamma_{i,j} \approx O\left( {\frac{{v_{i,j}^{6} }}{{c^{6} }}} \right)\) in the relativistic effects \(\gamma_{i,j} = \left( {1 - \frac{{v_{i,j}^{2} }}{{c^{2} }}} \right)^{{ - \frac{1}{2}}}\) of positive and negative ions are seen to play an important role in the formation of solitons in the warm plasma. Further, the fast and slow compressive solitons are shown to exist in both the situations \(Q^{\prime}\)(negative to positive ion mass ratio) greater and less than one for \(\sigma_{i}\) (positive ion to electron temperature ratio), \(> \sigma_{j}\) (negative ion to electron temperature ratio), and \(\sigma_{i} < \sigma_{j}\). The relativistic effect \(\gamma_{i,j} \approx O\left( {\frac{{v_{i,j}^{6} }}{{c^{6} }}} \right)\) demonstrates higher amplitude of the solitons than the relativistic effect \(\gamma_{i,j} \approx O\left( {\frac{{v_{i,j}^{4} }}{{c^{4} }}} \right)\). This model can be employed to explore the dynamics of plasmas in various contexts, including both astrophysical and laboratory settings.