{"title":"Policies to reverse low fertility in India: Need for an ethics perspective.","authors":"Mala Ramanathan","doi":"10.20529/IJME.2026.045","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the measures of change in a country's population is the Total Fertility Rate (TFR), or the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her reproductive years. A TFR of 2.1 is considered the replacement level, where the population renews itself without growing or shrinking. India's TFR has declined from 5.2 in 1971 to 1.9 in 2024 [1]. The decline is far greater in some states, going as low as 1.4 in Andhra Pradesh (AP), and 1.3 in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal [1], with the lowest at 1.0 in Sikkim, in 2023-24 [2].</p>","PeriodicalId":517372,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical ethics","volume":"XI 3","pages":"175-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Indian journal of medical ethics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2026.045","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
One of the measures of change in a country's population is the Total Fertility Rate (TFR), or the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her reproductive years. A TFR of 2.1 is considered the replacement level, where the population renews itself without growing or shrinking. India's TFR has declined from 5.2 in 1971 to 1.9 in 2024 [1]. The decline is far greater in some states, going as low as 1.4 in Andhra Pradesh (AP), and 1.3 in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal [1], with the lowest at 1.0 in Sikkim, in 2023-24 [2].
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
