Reading immune restoration through Mycobacterium tuberculosis intrahost evolution.

IF 5.2 2区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

mSystems Pub Date : 2026-10-20 Epub Date: 2026-09-22 DOI:10.1128/msystems.00953-26

Lin Teng, Guangzhi Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses human immunodeficiency virus replication, but does not fully restore protection against tuberculosis. The relevant mechanisms are still poorly understood. M. C. Chao, M. R. Chase, S. Wakabayashi, A. J. Vickers, et al. (mSystems 11:e00329-26, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00329-26) use population-level Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome sequencing in macaques to show that similar bacterial burdens can conceal different evolutionary trajectories: simian immunodeficiency virus coinfection primarily increases opportunities for mutation through replication, whereas ART-treated animals show a distinct enrichment of oxidative damage-associated variants. We argue that the principal value of this work is conceptual. Pathogen genomes may provide a time-integrated, but indirect, readout of local immune ecology. To translate these genomic signatures into a framework for evaluating immune restoration, future studies should pair host and pathogen measurements, experimentally validate the mechanisms generating these mutations, and longitudinally link tissue-level selection to persistence, reactivation, and transmission.

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通过结核分枝杆菌宿主内进化解读免疫恢复。

抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）抑制人类免疫缺陷病毒复制，但不能完全恢复对结核病的保护。人们对相关机制仍然知之甚少。M. C. Chao， M. R. Chase， S. Wakabayashi， A. J. Vickers，等。（mSystems 11:e00329- 26,2026, https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00329-26）利用种群水平的猕猴结核分枝杆菌基因组测序表明，相似的细菌负荷可以掩盖不同的进化轨迹。猴免疫缺陷病毒共感染主要通过复制增加突变的机会，而art治疗的动物表现出明显的氧化损伤相关变异的富集。我们认为，这项工作的主要价值是概念性的。病原体基因组可以提供一个时间集成的，但间接的，局部免疫生态的读数。为了将这些基因组特征转化为评估免疫恢复的框架，未来的研究应该将宿主和病原体的测量配对，实验验证产生这些突变的机制，并将组织水平的选择与持久性、再激活和传播纵向联系起来。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

mSystems Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry

CiteScore

10.50

自引率

3.10%

发文量

308

审稿时长

13 weeks

期刊介绍： mSystems™ will publish preeminent work that stems from applying technologies for high-throughput analyses to achieve insights into the metabolic and regulatory systems at the scale of both the single cell and microbial communities. The scope of mSystems™ encompasses all important biological and biochemical findings drawn from analyses of large data sets, as well as new computational approaches for deriving these insights. mSystems™ will welcome submissions from researchers who focus on the microbiome, genomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, glycomics, bioinformatics, and computational microbiology. mSystems™ will provide streamlined decisions, while carrying on ASM''s tradition of rigorous peer review.