Numerical Optimization of High-Efficiency FASnI3 Based Perovskite Solar Cells via SCAPS-1D

Abstract

Tin-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a compelling, low-toxicity alternative to traditional lead- based counterparts. Among these, the organic-inorganic metal halide formamidinium tin triiodide FASnI₃ is particularly noteworthy due to its high theoretical efficiency, superior stability, cost-effective production, and facilitated solution-based fabrication. In this study, we employed the SCAPS-1D simulation framework to rigorously model FASnI₃ PSC performance across four critical architectural parameters. The optimized device demonstrated exceptional performance and robust stability, yielding an open-circuit voltage V_oc of 1.16 V and a short-circuit current density J_sc of 31.70 mA/cm². Furthermore, detailed investigation into the charge carrier capture cross-section resulted in a peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 32.47% and a fill factor (FF) of 88.53%. These findings provide a strategic pathway for the development of high-performance, lead-free perovskite photovoltaics.