Development of an Axial-Radial Flux PM Machine With Inter-Embedded Stator and C-Type Winding

IF 5.2 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI:10.1109/TIA.2026.3661964

Pengjie Xiang;Liang Yan;Xinwei Wang;Wei Hua;Xinghua He;Xiaoshuai Liu;Chunhua Xiao;Cungang Hu;Xiandong Yang;Wenxuan Zhan

{"title":"Development of an Axial-Radial Flux PM Machine With Inter-Embedded Stator and C-Type Winding","authors":"Pengjie Xiang;Liang Yan;Xinwei Wang;Wei Hua;Xinghua He;Xiaoshuai Liu;Chunhua Xiao;Cungang Hu;Xiandong Yang;Wenxuan Zhan","doi":"10.1109/TIA.2026.3661964","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The concept of axial-radial flux PM machines is a promising candidate for torque density enhancement, especially for the aircraft electric-propulsion application with compact space in axial direction. However, the specific sizing equation of the 3D-flux machines is not available, and it is very significant for the machine design and the reveal of the structural parameter effects on its electromagnetic performance. Besides, toroidal windings, generally exiting in conventional axial-radial flux machine, may result in long wasted end-winding and additional eddy loss of supporting structure. Therefore, in this article, a three-rotor PM machine with inter-embedded stator and C-type windings is proposed to further enlarge effective axial-radial air-gap areas used for energy conversion (torque generation) and to shorten winding coil. In addition, its structural parameter effect is mathematically derived and illustrated by a proposed 3D-flux sizing equation considering the conventionally ignored inner winding-ending effect. Firstly, the schematic structure and the working principle of the three-rotor machine are presented. Then, the 3D-flux sizing equation of the three-rotor PM machine, considering the inner end-winding accommodation, is established to illustrate its structural-parameter effects under different power rating, rotary speed and pole numbers etc. Secondly, an improved inter-embedded stator is presented, and its major parameters are designed. Subsequently, the electromagnetic performance of the three-rotor machine with inter-embedded stator and C-type winding in terms of magnetic field, back-electromotive force, torque profile is explored. And then, one conventional radial-flux PM machine with the same design constrains is modeled for torque density comparison. The results show that the torque density is improved by 30.73% through employing the three-rotor machine. Finally, one prototype is developed, and experiments are conducted to validate the three-rotor design concept.","PeriodicalId":13337,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","volume":"62 5","pages":"7153-7163"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11373421/","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/2/6 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The concept of axial-radial flux PM machines is a promising candidate for torque density enhancement, especially for the aircraft electric-propulsion application with compact space in axial direction. However, the specific sizing equation of the 3D-flux machines is not available, and it is very significant for the machine design and the reveal of the structural parameter effects on its electromagnetic performance. Besides, toroidal windings, generally exiting in conventional axial-radial flux machine, may result in long wasted end-winding and additional eddy loss of supporting structure. Therefore, in this article, a three-rotor PM machine with inter-embedded stator and C-type windings is proposed to further enlarge effective axial-radial air-gap areas used for energy conversion (torque generation) and to shorten winding coil. In addition, its structural parameter effect is mathematically derived and illustrated by a proposed 3D-flux sizing equation considering the conventionally ignored inner winding-ending effect. Firstly, the schematic structure and the working principle of the three-rotor machine are presented. Then, the 3D-flux sizing equation of the three-rotor PM machine, considering the inner end-winding accommodation, is established to illustrate its structural-parameter effects under different power rating, rotary speed and pole numbers etc. Secondly, an improved inter-embedded stator is presented, and its major parameters are designed. Subsequently, the electromagnetic performance of the three-rotor machine with inter-embedded stator and C-type winding in terms of magnetic field, back-electromotive force, torque profile is explored. And then, one conventional radial-flux PM machine with the same design constrains is modeled for torque density comparison. The results show that the torque density is improved by 30.73% through employing the three-rotor machine. Finally, one prototype is developed, and experiments are conducted to validate the three-rotor design concept.

查看原文本刊更多论文

间埋定子c型绕组轴-径向磁通永磁电机的研制

轴向-径向磁通永磁电机的概念是提高转矩密度的一个很有前途的候选人，特别是在轴向空间紧凑的飞机电力推进应用中。然而，三维磁通机的具体尺寸方程尚未得到，这对于机械设计和揭示结构参数对其电磁性能的影响具有重要意义。此外，传统的轴向-径向磁通机普遍存在环形绕组，这可能导致长时间的端部浪费和支撑结构的额外涡流损失。因此，为了进一步扩大用于能量转换（转矩产生）的有效轴向-径向气隙面积和缩短绕组线圈，本文提出了一种定子与c型绕组相互嵌入的三转子永磁电机。此外，还从数学上推导了其结构参数效应，并提出了考虑通常忽略的内绕端效应的三维磁通施胶方程。首先，介绍了三转子电机的原理图结构和工作原理。在此基础上，建立了考虑内端绕组容差的三转子永磁电机三维磁链大小方程，分析了其在不同额定功率、转速和磁极数等条件下的结构参数影响。其次，提出了一种改进的嵌入式定子，并对其主要参数进行了设计。在此基础上，从磁场、反电动势、转矩分布等方面研究了c型绕组间嵌定子三转子电机的电磁性能。然后，以具有相同设计约束的传统径向磁通永磁电机为例，进行了转矩密度比较。结果表明，采用三转子电机后，转矩密度提高了30.73%。最后，研制了一台样机，并进行了实验，验证了三转子的设计理念。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

9.90

自引率

9.10%

发文量

747

审稿时长

3.3 months

期刊介绍： The scope of the IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications includes all scope items of the IEEE Industry Applications Society, that is, the advancement of the theory and practice of electrical and electronic engineering in the development, design, manufacture, and application of electrical systems, apparatus, devices, and controls to the processes and equipment of industry and commerce; the promotion of safe, reliable, and economic installations; industry leadership in energy conservation and environmental, health, and safety issues; the creation of voluntary engineering standards and recommended practices; and the professional development of its membership.