Social Isolation, Acculturative Stress, and Resilience Among Older Asian Indian Immigrants in the United States: A Qualitative Study.

Abstract

Background: Social isolation and loneliness are increasingly recognized as public health concerns for aging populations, yet the experiences of older Asian Indian immigrants in the United States (US) remain understudied. This qualitative study explored how immigration, acculturation, and changes in social networks shape isolation, loneliness, and resilience among older Asian Indian immigrants.

Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 29 Asian Indian immigrants aged 50 years and older in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling with support from local cultural and faith-based organizations. A semi-structured interview guide examined social networks, isolation, loneliness, acculturation, cultural identity, and coping. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated when necessary, and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics.

Results: Participants described substantial disruption of social networks after immigration, including fewer close friendships, reduced spontaneous social interactions, and limited nearby family support. These changes contributed to loneliness and emotional strain, particularly in an individualistic social environment that contrasted with communal norms in India. Participants also described acculturative stress related to preserving Indian cultural identity while adapting to US society, especially in intergenerational family contexts. Despite these challenges, many used resilience strategies such as staying active, lifelong learning, maintaining optimism, and seeking supportive social circles.

Conclusion: Social isolation among older Asian Indian immigrants reflects a public health challenge shaped by migration, cultural adaptation, family dispersion, and limited culturally relevant supports. Community-based, culturally tailored interventions are needed to strengthen social connection, reduce loneliness, and promote healthy aging in immigrant communities.