Optimization of Laser Field Parameters for Controlling Populations of Magnetic Sublevels in a Multilevel Cs D2 System

Abstract

This work investigates laser control of populations of magnetic sublevels of the ground hyperfine level of the cesium atom on the D₂ line (6S_1/2 → 6P_3/2). A theoretical model is developed within the full density-matrix formalism based on the Lindblad equation, which accounts for coherent interaction with the laser field, spontaneous decay, and decoherence processes. The dynamics of the system is described by a set of coupled ordinary differential equations that reflect the complete Zeeman level structure and the competing relaxation channels characteristic of a realistic multilevel atomic medium. The aim of this work is the controlled redistribution and transfer of population between selected magnetic sublevels while minimizing the population of excited states. To this end, an optimization problem for the laser field parameters is formulated, including pulse amplitudes, frequency detunings, phases, and temporal profiles. Numerical calculations are performed by integrating the high-dimensional system of density-matrix evolution equations. The proposed approach constitutes a scalable computation platform for modeling and controlling Zeeman population dynamics in complex quantum systems and can be applied to problems of quantum state control and preparation.