Pseudorapidity distribution study for shower particles emerged in the interactions of \(^{84}{\text {Kr}}\) with emulsion at 1 GeV per nucleon

Abstract

An important area of contemporary particle and nuclear physics is investigating the nature of heavy ion reactions at high energies. Pseudorapidity, (\(\eta \)), is a crucial parameter for analyzing the mechanisms of particle production in high-energy collisions between nuclei with nuclear emulsion detector (NED). In this paper \(\eta \) distribution of shower particles produced in the interaction of \(^{84}{\text {Kr}}\) with nuclear emulsions at 1 A GeV have been studied using two different parameters \(N_\textrm{h}\) (target size) and Q (degree of centrality). The different \(\eta \)-distributions can be described by Gaussian distribution. The statistical moments of the shower particles’ \(\eta \) distribution such as M (mean), \(\sigma ^{2}\) (variance), and scaled variance \(\omega \) (\(\sigma ^{2}\)/M) are measured. These observations reveal that the width (i.e., dispersion) of these distributions shows only a weak dependence on the type of projectile, while the mean value of \(\eta \) increases with increasing projectile mass (\(A_\textrm{P}\)). This study also shows that the cascading effect i.e., the created pions scattering on another target nucleon before emission becomes more pronounced as the target size increases. The \(\omega \) values, which characterize the fluctuations of the distributions, decrease slowly with increasing \(N_\textrm{h}\) values.