A Survey of Pinching-Antenna Systems (PASS)

IF 50.6 1区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-08 DOI:10.1109/COMST.2026.3731727

Yuanwei Liu;Hao Jiang;Xu Gan;Xiaoxia Xu;Jia Guo;Zhaolin Wang;Chongjun Ouyang;Xidong Mu;Zhiguo Ding;Arumugam Nallanathan;Octavia A. Dobre;George K. Karagiannidis;Robert Schober

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The pinching-antenna system (PASS), recently proposed as a flexible-antenna technology, has been regarded as a promising solution for several challenges in next-generation wireless networks. It provides large-scale antenna reconfiguration, establishes stable line-of-sight links, mitigates signal blockage, and exploits near-field advantages through its distinctive architecture. This article aims to present a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in PASS. The fundamental principles of PASS are first discussed, including its hardware architecture, circuit and physical models, and signal models. Several emerging PASS designs, such as segmented waveguide-enabled PASS (SWAN), center-fed PASS (C-PASS), and multi-mode PASS (M-PASS), are subsequently introduced, and their design features are discussed. In addition, the properties and promising applications of PASS for wireless sensing are reviewed. On this basis, recent progress in the performance analysis of PASS for both communications and sensing is surveyed, and the performance gains achieved by PASS are highlighted. Existing research contributions in optimization and machine learning are also summarized, with the practical challenges of beamforming and resource allocation being identified in relation to the unique transmission structure and propagation characteristics of PASS. Finally, several variants of PASS are presented, and key implementation challenges that remain open for future study are discussed.

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箝位天线系统（PASS）综述

夹紧天线系统（PASS）作为一种柔性天线技术，最近被提出，被认为是解决下一代无线网络中一些挑战的一种有前途的解决方案。它提供大规模的天线重构，建立稳定的视距链路，减轻信号阻塞，并通过其独特的架构利用近场优势。本文旨在全面概述PASS技术的现状。首先讨论了PASS的基本原理，包括其硬件结构、电路和物理模型以及信号模型。随后介绍了几种新兴的通型设计，如分段波导通型（SWAN）、中心馈通型（C-PASS）和多模通型（M-PASS），并讨论了它们的设计特点。此外，还综述了PASS在无线传感中的性能和应用前景。在此基础上，综述了通信和传感领域PASS性能分析的最新进展，并重点介绍了PASS所取得的性能进步。总结了现有研究在优化和机器学习方面的贡献，并根据PASS独特的传输结构和传播特性确定了波束形成和资源分配的实际挑战。最后，介绍了PASS的几种变体，并讨论了未来研究中仍然开放的关键实现挑战。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS-TELECOMMUNICATIONS

CiteScore

80.20

自引率

2.50%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials is an online journal published by the IEEE Communications Society for tutorials and surveys covering all aspects of the communications field. Telecommunications technology is progressing at a rapid pace, and the IEEE Communications Society is committed to providing researchers and other professionals the information and tools to stay abreast. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials focuses on integrating and adding understanding to the existing literature on communications, putting results in context. Whether searching for in-depth information about a familiar area or an introduction into a new area, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials aims to be the premier source of peer-reviewed, comprehensive tutorials and surveys, and pointers to further sources. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials publishes only articles exclusively written for IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials and go through a rigorous review process before their publication in the quarterly issues. A tutorial article in the IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials should be designed to help the reader to become familiar with and learn something specific about a chosen topic. In contrast, the term survey, as applied here, is defined to mean a survey of the literature. A survey article in IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials should provide a comprehensive review of developments in a selected area, covering its development from its inception to its current state and beyond, and illustrating its development through liberal citations from the literature. Both tutorials and surveys should be tutorial in nature and should be written in a style comprehensible to readers outside the specialty of the article.