Osseointegrated Dental Implants as Retention Systems for Digit Prostheses in Finger Amputations.

Abstract

Introduction: Finger amputation significantly impairs hand function and self-image. When surgical reconstruction or replantation is not possible, a finger prosthesis can provide cosmetic and functional benefits. However, conventional prostheses are limited by poor retention and lack of sensation. In this study, we evaluate an alternative method using osseointegrated dental implants to anchor finger prostheses, which provide stable fixation and, in turn, improve function and sensory feedback.

Method: Four patients with traumatic amputations of a single finger each (thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers) underwent a two-stage surgical procedure. In the first stage, a titanium dental implant was placed into the medullary canal of the residual bone. After a three-month osseointegration period, a second-stage surgery attached a skin-penetrating abutment. Finally, a custom-made, color-matched silicone prosthesis was secured to the abutment. Outcomes were evaluated through clinical and radiographic follow-up, along with patient-reported satisfaction.

Results: Three of four patients achieved successful osseointegration by three months. One thumb reconstruction was complicated by nonunion and implant loosening, requiring implant removal. One superficial abutment-site infection resolved with conservative treatment. Functional outcomes were favorable, with improved grip and pinch strength, preserved joint motion, enhanced sensibility, and high patient satisfaction with cosmetic and functional results.

Conclusion: Osseointegrated dental implants may offer a feasible option for retention of digital prostheses in selected patients. Although short-term outcomes were encouraging, complications can occur, and careful patient selection and biomechanical planning are essential. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm long-term safety, durability, and implant survival.