An ultra-miniaturized meander-line implantable antenna for ISM-band WBAN applications with SAR analysis

Abstract

This paper presents the creation of an ultra-miniaturized implanted meander lined antenna for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. The employed antenna is especially intended for incorporation with implantable medical network, and it functions in the 2.45 GHz covering the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency range. In order to extend the electrical length of the proposed design, the meander line-like radiating components function as radiators and are connected to the ground section via a shorting pin. For improved impedance matching and compactness, the suggested antenna makes use of via (shorting pins), meander line configurations, and coaxial feedline. Extreme miniaturization, impedance matching within lossy biological tissues, radiation efficiency, and compliance with Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) safety guidelines are some of the significant challenges faced by implantable antennas that are specifically addressed by the proposed design. With the meander-line topology and shorting pins, the antenna can be made smaller while maintaining dependable performance for biomedical implant applications. The antenna's minimal overall tiny size of 4 × 4 × 0.5 mm³ allow it to be incorporated into modern medical and compact appliances. The antenna has been evaluated in tissues using an actual human body phantom simulator and at various levels. The suggested antenna was constructed, optimized, and modeled with the layers of skin, fat, liver, muscle, and brain phantom in account. Additionally, the antenna's SAR is determined and examined at both 1 and 10 g conditions. With the maximum permitted power input of 6.17 mW (1 g) and 36.3 mW (10 g) at 2.42 GHz, the SAR values are within the safety standards. The suggested antenna facilitates an energy-efficient solution and runs at low power levels. Biomedical applications can benefit from this small, minimized implanted antenna.