{"title":"Effects of Diabetes on the Transcriptomic Profile of the Endocrine Pancreas: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Maria Eduarda Picolo Gomes, Verônyca Gonçalves Paula, Vinícius Soares Barco, Débora Cristina Damasceno, Giovana Vesentini","doi":"10.2174/0115733998452583260504045518","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by progressive pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Although transcriptomic approaches have improved the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying T2DM, evidence specifically addressing gene expression changes in the endocrine pancreas remains limited and fragmented across experimental and clinical studies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To systematically review the experimental and clinical evidence on the effects of diabetes on the transcriptomic profile of the endocrine pancreas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL from database inception to December 9, 2024. Data extraction included study design, population, interventions, outcomes, and risk of bias. Two studies met the eligibility criteria. Due to methodological heterogeneity and qualitative outcomes, meta-analysis was not feasible.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Wistar rats fed a high-fat-high-fructose diet, diabetes was associated with downregulation of GCG, INS1, RBP4, PPY, and PYY and upregulation of PDX1, SLC2A2, and INS1 in islet cells. In humans, diabetic individuals showed reduced GPRC5C expression, independent of sex.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Transcriptomic alterations in the endocrine pancreas have indicated dysfunctions in insulin synthesis, glycemic homeostasis, and β-cell maintenance in type 2 diabetes models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in T2DM may be linked to alterations in the expression of key genes involved in the development, maturation, maintenance, and function of the endocrine pancreas. This review provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of T2DM in pancreatic islets in animal and clinical models and highlights potential candidate biomarkers for future translational research.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current diabetes reviews","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998452583260504045518","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by progressive pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Although transcriptomic approaches have improved the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying T2DM, evidence specifically addressing gene expression changes in the endocrine pancreas remains limited and fragmented across experimental and clinical studies.
Aim: To systematically review the experimental and clinical evidence on the effects of diabetes on the transcriptomic profile of the endocrine pancreas.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL from database inception to December 9, 2024. Data extraction included study design, population, interventions, outcomes, and risk of bias. Two studies met the eligibility criteria. Due to methodological heterogeneity and qualitative outcomes, meta-analysis was not feasible.
Results: In Wistar rats fed a high-fat-high-fructose diet, diabetes was associated with downregulation of GCG, INS1, RBP4, PPY, and PYY and upregulation of PDX1, SLC2A2, and INS1 in islet cells. In humans, diabetic individuals showed reduced GPRC5C expression, independent of sex.
Discussion: Transcriptomic alterations in the endocrine pancreas have indicated dysfunctions in insulin synthesis, glycemic homeostasis, and β-cell maintenance in type 2 diabetes models.
Conclusion: Pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in T2DM may be linked to alterations in the expression of key genes involved in the development, maturation, maintenance, and function of the endocrine pancreas. This review provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of T2DM in pancreatic islets in animal and clinical models and highlights potential candidate biomarkers for future translational research.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）以进行性胰腺β细胞功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗为特征。尽管转录组学方法提高了对T2DM分子机制的理解，但在实验和临床研究中，专门针对内分泌胰腺基因表达变化的证据仍然有限且零散。目的：系统回顾糖尿病对内分泌胰腺转录组学影响的实验和临床证据。方法：综合检索PubMed （MEDLINE）、EMBASE、Web of Science、CINAHL数据库自建库至2024年12月9日的文献。数据提取包括研究设计、人群、干预措施、结果和偏倚风险。两项研究符合入选标准。由于方法学异质性和定性结果，meta分析不可行。结果：在高脂高果糖饮食的Wistar大鼠中，糖尿病与胰岛细胞中GCG、INS1、RBP4、PPY和PYY的下调以及PDX1、SLC2A2和INS1的上调有关。在人类中，糖尿病个体显示GPRC5C表达降低，与性别无关。讨论：内分泌胰腺的转录组改变表明，在2型糖尿病模型中，胰岛素合成、血糖稳态和β细胞维持功能障碍。结论：T2DM患者胰腺β细胞功能障碍可能与参与胰腺内分泌发育、成熟、维持和功能的关键基因表达改变有关。本文综述了动物和临床模型中T2DM在胰岛中的分子机制，并强调了未来转化研究的潜在候选生物标志物。
期刊介绍：
Current Diabetes Reviews publishes frontier reviews on all the latest advances on diabetes and its related areas e.g. pharmacology, pathogenesis, complications, epidemiology, clinical care, and therapy. The journal"s aim is to publish the highest quality review articles dedicated to clinical research in the field. The journal is essential reading for all researchers and clinicians who are involved in the field of diabetes.
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