The potential of vitamins in Huntington's disease: bridging mechanistic evidence with translational limitations and future strategies.

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by impairment of neuronal functions and neuronal loss. Huntington's disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases caused by the formation of mutant Huntingtin protein aggregates in the brain. The other pathological reasons behind this disease are oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excitotoxicity, which lead to impairment of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric functions. The vitamins are considered an essential part of a healthy diet, as they tend to increase the nutritional value of the diet. Insufficient intake of macro- and micronutrients can deteriorate human health, which may lead to malnutrition. Nowadays, these vitamins are also considered molecules to manage neurodegenerative disease with the intention of a dual response, along with nourishment. In vivo research reflects the antioxidant potential of vitamins and also functions as an integral part of various metabolic processes of the body that play a vital role in the pathology of Huntington's disease. Despite several neuroprotective properties, current research on vitamins remains limited. The review focuses on evidences exploring the functional significance of vitamins in maintaining neuronal and brain health and their possible impact on the symptoms and pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. It also highlights how the vitamins' potential is at stake to reach the clinical perspective, along with different strategies to overcome their limitations using novel drug delivery and biomarker-based approaches.