A Large-Sample Replication and Validation of the Three-Step Theory of Suicide in Iranian Students.

IF 2.2 3区医学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Archives of Suicide Research Pub Date : 2026-07-27 DOI:10.1080/13811118.2026.2698811

Mohammad P Mahmoudzadeh, Mohammadreza Pirmordi, Komeil Zahedi Tajrishi, Ali Salehi, Kamyar Mansouri

{"title":"A Large-Sample Replication and Validation of the Three-Step Theory of Suicide in Iranian Students.","authors":"Mohammad P Mahmoudzadeh, Mohammadreza Pirmordi, Komeil Zahedi Tajrishi, Ali Salehi, Kamyar Mansouri","doi":"10.1080/13811118.2026.2698811","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Advancing evidence-based theories of suicide is critical for improving prevention efforts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Three-Step Theory of Suicide (3ST) in a sample of Iranian students.Method: Participants (N = 1017, mean age = 24.2, 58.2% female, 9.4% with a prior suicide attempt) completed measures of psychological pain, hopelessness, connectedness, suicide capability, suicide ideation, suicide attempt, and demographics. Results largely support the theory's central premises.Results: First, an interactive model of pain and hopelessness accounted for substantial variance (≈51%) in suicide ideation in the overall sample and in women. Among men, the full model (pain, hopelessness, and their interaction) explained similar amount of variance (≈ 52%) in suicide ideation, while the interaction term was not significant and did not explain additional variance over the main effects. Also, as hypothesized, connectedness was protective against escalating suicide ideation severity among those with suicide desire. Finally, suicide capability and its dispositional and practical component predicted suicide attempt history over and above current suicide ideation.Conclusion: These findings support the validity of 3ST of suicide within the context of a middle-income country. Implications for suicide prevention, clinical intervention and future research directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":8325,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Suicide Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Archives of Suicide Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2026.2698811","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PSYCHIATRY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: Advancing evidence-based theories of suicide is critical for improving prevention efforts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Three-Step Theory of Suicide (3ST) in a sample of Iranian students.

Method: Participants (N = 1017, mean age = 24.2, 58.2% female, 9.4% with a prior suicide attempt) completed measures of psychological pain, hopelessness, connectedness, suicide capability, suicide ideation, suicide attempt, and demographics. Results largely support the theory's central premises.

Results: First, an interactive model of pain and hopelessness accounted for substantial variance (≈51%) in suicide ideation in the overall sample and in women. Among men, the full model (pain, hopelessness, and their interaction) explained similar amount of variance (≈ 52%) in suicide ideation, while the interaction term was not significant and did not explain additional variance over the main effects. Also, as hypothesized, connectedness was protective against escalating suicide ideation severity among those with suicide desire. Finally, suicide capability and its dispositional and practical component predicted suicide attempt history over and above current suicide ideation.

Conclusion: These findings support the validity of 3ST of suicide within the context of a middle-income country. Implications for suicide prevention, clinical intervention and future research directions are discussed.

查看原文本刊更多论文

伊朗学生自杀三步理论的大样本复制与验证。

目的：推进以证据为基础的自杀理论对加强预防工作至关重要。本研究的目的是评估伊朗学生自杀三步理论（3ST）的样本。方法：参与者（N = 1017，平均年龄= 24.2,58.2%为女性，9.4%有自杀企图）完成了心理痛苦、绝望、连通性、自杀能力、自杀意念、自杀企图和人口统计数据的测量。结果在很大程度上支持了该理论的中心前提。结果：首先，在整个样本和女性中，疼痛和绝望的互动模型在自杀意念方面占了很大的差异（≈51%）。在男性中，完整的模型（痛苦、绝望和它们之间的相互作用）解释了自杀意念相似的方差（≈52%），而相互作用项不显著，也不能解释主要影响之外的额外方差。此外，正如假设的那样，连通性对那些有自杀欲望的人不断升级的自杀意念的严重程度有保护作用。最后，自杀能力及其性格和实践成分对自杀企图史的预测高于当前的自杀意念。结论：这些发现支持3ST在中等收入国家背景下自杀的有效性。对自杀预防、临床干预及未来研究方向进行了探讨。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Archives of Suicide Research Multiple-

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

7.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： Archives of Suicide Research, the official journal of the International Academy of Suicide Research (IASR), is the international journal in the field of suicidology. The journal features original, refereed contributions on the study of suicide, suicidal behavior, its causes and effects, and techniques for prevention. The journal incorporates research-based and theoretical articles contributed by a diverse range of authors interested in investigating the biological, pharmacological, psychiatric, psychological, and sociological aspects of suicide.