Simulation of the Longwave Radiance Tendency on Sea Surface Temperature Observed From Moon-Based Platform

Abstract

Longwave radiance (LWR), a fundamental measure of Earth’s thermal radiation, serves as a key indicator of global climate change. A future Moon-based radiation observatory (MBRO), characterized by stable orbital configuration, unique spatial environment, and etc., facilitates the acquisition of LWR data and underpins associated climate research. This study has developed a model to simulate earth LWR observed from Moon and corresponding coefficient of determination (R ${}^{\mathbf {2}}$ ) with sea surface temperature (SST) in critical zone, utilizing outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) based on CERES Edition 4 ADMs, and MCD12C1 data. Results show 1) relatively small monthly variations standard deviation ~0.5 W/(m ${}^{\mathbf {2}}{\,}\cdot $ sr) and stable, periodic interannual fluctuations ranging from approximately 70.5–80.5 W/(m ${}^{\mathbf {2}}~\cdot $ sr); 2) the ocean contribute the largest share (~70%) to earth’s total LWR; 3) long-term data from 2004 to 2022 has no significant trend in global LWR; and 4) R ${}^{\mathbf {2}}$ between SST and global oceanic LWR exhibits a distinct zonal distribution pattern. During El Niño events, R ${}^{\mathbf {2}}$ in affected regions varied synchronously with event intensity, exhibiting a proportional relationship between event strength and the magnitude of R ${}^{\mathbf {2}}$ enhancement. In general, this study lays a foundation and a novel approach for interpreting earth radiation features in future missions.