Noor Alam, Syed Yousufuddin, Shahir Hussain, Zahir Hasan, Elaf N. Mahrous, Surendra Kumar Yadav, Nor’azizi Othman, Ashu Yadav, Rahul Khatri
{"title":"Experimental study on performance and emissions of nano-additive enhanced waste vegetable oil and polarity fat blends at various compression ratios","authors":"Noor Alam, Syed Yousufuddin, Shahir Hussain, Zahir Hasan, Elaf N. Mahrous, Surendra Kumar Yadav, Nor’azizi Othman, Ashu Yadav, Rahul Khatri","doi":"10.1186/s12302-026-01412-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The combustion characteristics, performance, and exhaust emission of the waste chicken fat, waste cooking oil, and combined blends with diesel oil are analyzed for different compression ratios of 17 and 18. The tested fuels include CF15 (15% chicken fat + 85% diesel), WC15 (15% waste cooking oil + 85% diesel), and WC&CF15 (7.5% chicken fat + 7.5% waste cooking oil + 85% diesel), each blended with 50 ppm <i>α-Al</i><sub><i>2</i></sub><i>O</i><sub><i>3</i></sub> nanoparticles. The function of catalyst nanoparticles is to improve the combustion temperature, which reduces exhaust emissions. The results show that the compression ratio (CR) of 17 at 100% loading, diesel, CF15, WC15, and CF&WC15 have brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 26.74%, 26.73%, 26.98%, and 25.47%, respectively, with the utilization of approximately similar brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.32 kg/kWh. However, for CR = 18 at full loading, the BTE of diesel and all blends are 29.33%, 27.79%, 26.04%, and 26.67%, respectively, with lower utilization of the BSFC. The novelty of the present experiment is to evaluate engine performance and emissions at a rated speed of 1500 rpm for two compression ratios, addressing a gap in studies combining multiple biodiesel sources with catalytic enhancement. Therefore, at full load for CR = 17, developing a similar BTE of diesel, the NO<sub>x</sub> emission of CF&WC15 reduces by 3.1% compared to diesel. Therefore, CF&WC15 blend exhibited improved BTE at a compression ratio of 18, primarily from BSFC reduction, while producing slightly higher NO<sub>x</sub> emissions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.1000,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-026-01412-w.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Sciences Europe","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12302-026-01412-w","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/7/17 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The combustion characteristics, performance, and exhaust emission of the waste chicken fat, waste cooking oil, and combined blends with diesel oil are analyzed for different compression ratios of 17 and 18. The tested fuels include CF15 (15% chicken fat + 85% diesel), WC15 (15% waste cooking oil + 85% diesel), and WC&CF15 (7.5% chicken fat + 7.5% waste cooking oil + 85% diesel), each blended with 50 ppm α-Al2O3 nanoparticles. The function of catalyst nanoparticles is to improve the combustion temperature, which reduces exhaust emissions. The results show that the compression ratio (CR) of 17 at 100% loading, diesel, CF15, WC15, and CF&WC15 have brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 26.74%, 26.73%, 26.98%, and 25.47%, respectively, with the utilization of approximately similar brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.32 kg/kWh. However, for CR = 18 at full loading, the BTE of diesel and all blends are 29.33%, 27.79%, 26.04%, and 26.67%, respectively, with lower utilization of the BSFC. The novelty of the present experiment is to evaluate engine performance and emissions at a rated speed of 1500 rpm for two compression ratios, addressing a gap in studies combining multiple biodiesel sources with catalytic enhancement. Therefore, at full load for CR = 17, developing a similar BTE of diesel, the NOx emission of CF&WC15 reduces by 3.1% compared to diesel. Therefore, CF&WC15 blend exhibited improved BTE at a compression ratio of 18, primarily from BSFC reduction, while producing slightly higher NOx emissions.
期刊介绍：
ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation.
ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation.
ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation.
Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues.
Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
