Omni-Directional Antenna-Based Rotational Speed Measurement of High-Speed Rolling Carriers

Abstract

Accurate rotational speed measurement is essential for high-speed rolling carriers. Traditional rotational speed measurement techniques are often limited by low spin rate and harsh external environments, reducing their effectiveness in high-dynamic conditions. This paper proposes a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based rotational speed measurement method utilizing an omni-directional antenna, which ensures continuous signal acquisition and tracking under high rotational speeds. A mathematical model is established to analyze the effect of missile spin on GNSS signals, enabling rotational speed estimation using in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) correlation values. To enhance tracking accuracy, we introduce a Frequency-Locked Loop (FLL)-assisted Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) algorithm, which enables real-time speed detection and improves system robustness against high-frequency disturbances. Furthermore, an adaptive coherent integration time adjustment mechanism and a filter parameter optimization strategy are proposed to mitigate high-frequency residual errors, ensuring high tracking accuracy and stability. Simulation results confirm that the omni-directional antenna-assisted system achieves higher frequency estimation accuracy and is significantly more stable than traditional PLL-based methods, particularly under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. The proposed approach meets the accuracy requirements for high-speed rolling carriers within the range 3 r/s ≤ r ≤ 300 r/s, making it suitable for real-time aircraft flight trajectory correction and aerospace applications. © 2025 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.