A Scoping Review of Malnutrition Risk Prediction Models in Cancer Patients

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q1 NURSING

Journal of Clinical Nursing Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-01 DOI:10.1111/jocn.70418

Nianfei Tang, Huiru Zeng, Biao He, Ying Zheng, Qing Li, Fangyi Li, Tian Xiao, Linyu Zhou, Ao Tang, Xiaoju Chen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

To systematically review the existing literature on risk prediction models for malnutrition in cancer patients.

Background

Malnutrition is highly prevalent among cancer patients, and timely identification and intervention can improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Risk prediction models can forecast the future disease risk of patients. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive scoping review of malnutrition risk prediction models for cancer patients developed domestically and internationally, analyse current gaps in the field, and provide references for clinical practice and future research.

Methods

This review followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews and the Arksey and O'Malley framework, and the study was conducted in accordance with the CHARMS checklist. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, the Cochrane Library, EMbase, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, and Sinomed, with the search period spanning from database inception to October 23, 2025. Original studies reporting the development or validation of malnutrition risk prediction models in cancer patients were eligible for inclusion.

Results

A total of 36 studies were included in this scoping review. Extracted data included study characteristics, model development methods, predictors included, and performance evaluation metrics. Considerable overlap was observed in the development methods across models, with traditional statistical analysis being predominant. Retrospective data collection was applied in the majority of the included studies. These prediction models covered multiple malignancies, including rectal, liver, nasopharyngeal, gastric, and oesophageal cancers. A wide range of predictors was used, with age and BMI being the most frequently included.

Conclusion

This review maps cancer patients' malnutrition prediction models. Existing models screen malnutrition but have flaws in construction and validation. Future studies will adopt longitudinal, multimodal data and AI to optimize tools for early screening and intervention.

查看原文本刊更多论文

癌症患者营养不良风险预测模型的范围综述。

目的：系统回顾肿瘤患者营养不良风险预测模型的相关文献。背景：营养不良在癌症患者中非常普遍，及时识别和干预可以改善患者的预后和生活质量。风险预测模型可以预测患者未来的疾病风险。本研究旨在对国内外癌症患者营养不良风险预测模型进行全面的范围综述，分析目前该领域的不足，为临床实践和未来的研究提供参考。方法：本综述遵循PRISMA扩展范围综述和Arksey和O'Malley框架，并按照CHARMS检查表进行研究。系统检索PubMed、Web of Science Core Collection、Cochrane Library、EMbase、CINAHL、CNKI、万方、Sinomed，检索时间从建库至2025年10月23日。报告癌症患者营养不良风险预测模型发展或验证的原始研究符合入选条件。结果：本综述共纳入36项研究。提取的数据包括研究特征、模型开发方法、预测因子和绩效评估指标。在不同模型的开发方法中观察到相当大的重叠，传统的统计分析占主导地位。大多数纳入的研究采用回顾性资料收集。这些预测模型涵盖了多种恶性肿瘤，包括直肠癌、肝癌、鼻咽癌、胃癌和食管癌。使用了广泛的预测因素，年龄和体重指数是最常见的。结论：本综述绘制了肿瘤患者营养不良预测模型。现有的模型筛选营养不良，但在构建和验证方面存在缺陷。未来的研究将采用纵向、多模式数据和人工智能来优化早期筛查和干预工具。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Clinical Nursing 医学-护理

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

2.40%

发文量

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN) is an international, peer reviewed, scientific journal that seeks to promote the development and exchange of knowledge that is directly relevant to all spheres of nursing practice. The primary aim is to promote a high standard of clinically related scholarship which advances and supports the practice and discipline of nursing. The Journal also aims to promote the international exchange of ideas and experience that draws from the different cultures in which practice takes place. Further, JCN seeks to enrich insight into clinical need and the implications for nursing intervention and models of service delivery. Emphasis is placed on promoting critical debate on the art and science of nursing practice. JCN is essential reading for anyone involved in nursing practice, whether clinicians, researchers, educators, managers, policy makers, or students. The development of clinical practice and the changing patterns of inter-professional working are also central to JCN''s scope of interest. Contributions are welcomed from other health professionals on issues that have a direct impact on nursing practice. We publish high quality papers from across the methodological spectrum that make an important and novel contribution to the field of clinical nursing (regardless of where care is provided), and which demonstrate clinical application and international relevance.