Saleh Saeed Al Jathnan Al Qahtani, Sadin Khalid Almuzaini, Kholoud Mudhi Alsheri, Raghad Abdul Aziz Alosaimi, Maysa Mousa Alarawi, Anas Saleh Alshehri, Al Habeeb Malek Abdulwahab
{"title":"Review of Medications That Reduce Neurological Deficits in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Saleh Saeed Al Jathnan Al Qahtani, Sadin Khalid Almuzaini, Kholoud Mudhi Alsheri, Raghad Abdul Aziz Alosaimi, Maysa Mousa Alarawi, Anas Saleh Alshehri, Al Habeeb Malek Abdulwahab","doi":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000689","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, yet no single drug has proven effective in improving long-term neurological recovery. Understanding the pharmacological efforts made so far is essential for guiding future research and treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This narrative review aimed to summarize current evidence on medications that reduce neurological deficits in TBI and to highlight emerging therapeutic directions toward neural restoration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to May 2025. Studies in English focusing on human trials, meta-analyses, and relevant translational research were included. Articles were appraised for quality using the GRADE and Cochrane risk-of-bias tools, and findings were summarized thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tranexamic acid given early after injury, nimodipine for traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, and short-term anticonvulsants for seizure prevention showed the strongest evidence. Adjunctive drugs such as statins, β-blockers, and SSRIs demonstrated potential benefits in improving vascular, inflammatory, and cognitive outcomes. Newer agents, including minocycline, anakinra, cyclosporine A, and N-acetylcysteine, showed encouraging results in phase II studies. Advances in biomarkers, imaging, and adaptive trials are improving patient selection and precision dosing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Progress in TBI pharmacotherapy is shifting from symptom control toward neurorepair. Continued research integrating biomarkers, affordable therapies, and personalized approaches holds promise for reducing disability and improving recovery after TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":10449,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"198-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNF.0000000000000689","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/4/20 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, yet no single drug has proven effective in improving long-term neurological recovery. Understanding the pharmacological efforts made so far is essential for guiding future research and treatment strategies.
Purpose: This narrative review aimed to summarize current evidence on medications that reduce neurological deficits in TBI and to highlight emerging therapeutic directions toward neural restoration.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to May 2025. Studies in English focusing on human trials, meta-analyses, and relevant translational research were included. Articles were appraised for quality using the GRADE and Cochrane risk-of-bias tools, and findings were summarized thematically.
Results: Tranexamic acid given early after injury, nimodipine for traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, and short-term anticonvulsants for seizure prevention showed the strongest evidence. Adjunctive drugs such as statins, β-blockers, and SSRIs demonstrated potential benefits in improving vascular, inflammatory, and cognitive outcomes. Newer agents, including minocycline, anakinra, cyclosporine A, and N-acetylcysteine, showed encouraging results in phase II studies. Advances in biomarkers, imaging, and adaptive trials are improving patient selection and precision dosing.
Conclusion: Progress in TBI pharmacotherapy is shifting from symptom control toward neurorepair. Continued research integrating biomarkers, affordable therapies, and personalized approaches holds promise for reducing disability and improving recovery after TBI.
期刊介绍：
Clinical Neuropharmacology is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the pharmacology of the nervous system in its broadest sense. Coverage ranges from such basic aspects as mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships, and drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, to practical clinical problems such as drug interactions, drug toxicity, and therapy for specific syndromes and symptoms. The journal publishes original articles and brief reports, invited and submitted reviews, and letters to the editor. A regular feature is the Patient Management Series: in-depth case presentations with clinical questions and answers.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
