Physical Activity or Exercise: Is there any Difference in Common Symptoms and Quality of Life Among Female Patients with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases? A Qualitative Study.

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore female patients' experiences regarding systematic exercise compared with low-intensity physical activity in relation to common symptoms and quality of life in RMDs.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured, face to face interviews. Fifteen women with RMDs were recruited; thirteen completed the interviews and were included in the analysis. Interviews lasted approximately 30 minutes and were audio-recorded. Data were analysed using Thematic Analysis following the six-phase approach of Braun and Clarke. Participants were categorised based on self-reported engagement in either systematic exercise or low-intensity physical activity (e.g. walking). NVIVO 15 software was used for data management and analysis.

Results: Participants' mean age was 58.3 ±13.38 years. Five a priori thematic areas were explored (pain, fatigue, depression, quality of life and exercise/physical activity), while an additional theme regarding barriers to participation emerged inductively. Most participants reported limited awareness of the distinction between physical activity and exercise. Women engaged in systematic exercise described more favourable experiences regarding symptoms management and quality of life, whereas those performing low-intensity physical activity primarily emphasised psychological benefits. Barriers to participation included physical limitations, fatigue, and motivational factors.

Conclusion: From patients' perspectives, systematic exercise and low-intensity physical activity are perceived differently in relation to symptom experiences and quality of life. These differences highlight the importance of individualised, patient-centred exercise counselling for women with RMDs.