Test-retest reliability and measurement error of the pain interference questionnaire for cerebral palsy and the fear of pain questionnaire adapted for cerebral palsy.

IF 2.9 Q2 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES

Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI:10.1186/s41687-026-01129-7

Meredith Grace Smith, Nadine Smith, Georgia McKenzie, Adrienne Harvey

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Abstract

Background: The Pain Interference Questionnaire for Cerebral Palsy (PIQ-CP) and Fear of Pain Questionnaire adapted for Cerebral Palsy (FOPQ-CP) are two patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) developed and validated for children and young people with cerebral palsy and chronic pain, with specific adaptations to improve self-report opportunity. Test-retest reliability is an important psychometric property to ensure PROMs are used accurately to assess change in intervention and longitudinal studies. This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of the PIQ-CP and FOPQ-CP in children and young people with cerebral palsy.

Methodology: Children and young people with CP aged 5-30 years with a history of ongoing pain were recruited from four Australian sites within a larger cross-sectional study. Participants completed the PIQ-CP or FOPQ-CP on two occasions 2-4 weeks apart. Test-retest reliability and measurement error were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC absolute agreement), standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC).

Results: Test-retest reliability was moderate for the FOPQ-CP (Pain-related fear (subscale 1): ICC = 0.74 [0.58-0.85], SEM = 2.12, SDC = 5.88; n = 44; Pain-related avoidance (subscale 2): ICC = 0.62 [0.40-0.77], SEM = 4.07, SDC = 11.27; n = 44) and for the Pain Interference Questionnaire - Cerebral Palsy (PIQ-CP) (Pain interference: ICC = 0.71 [0.53-0.83], SEM = 6.29, SDC = 17.43; n = 45). The mean interval between assessments was 26.8 days.

Conclusions: The PIQ-CP and FOPQ-CP have demonstrated sufficient test-retest reliability for children and young people with cerebral palsy, including for those with diverse abilities. They can now be used in clinical and research settings to prioritise self-reported pain interference and pain-related fear/avoidance in intervention studies.

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脑瘫疼痛干扰问卷和脑瘫疼痛恐惧问卷的重测信度和测量误差。

背景：脑瘫疼痛干扰问卷（PIQ-CP）和脑瘫疼痛恐惧问卷（FOPQ-CP）是为患有脑瘫和慢性疼痛的儿童和青少年开发和验证的两种患者报告的结果测量（PROMs），通过特定的调整来提高自我报告的机会。重测信度是一项重要的心理测量特性，可确保PROMs准确地用于评估干预和纵向研究中的变化。本研究旨在确定PIQ-CP和FOPQ-CP在儿童和青少年脑瘫患者中的重测信度。方法：在一项更大的横断面研究中，从澳大利亚的四个地点招募了年龄在5-30岁之间有持续疼痛史的CP儿童和年轻人。参与者间隔2-4周两次完成PIQ-CP或FOPQ-CP。采用类内相关系数（ICC绝对一致性）、测量标准误差（SEM）和最小可检测变化（SDC）评估重测信度和测量误差。结果：FOPQ-CP（疼痛相关恐惧（子量表1））的重测信度为中等：ICC = 0.74 [0.58-0.85], SEM = 2.12, SDC = 5.88；n = 44；疼痛相关回避（子量表2）：ICC = 0.62 [0.40-0.77], SEM = 4.07, SDC = 11.27；疼痛干扰问卷-脑瘫（PIQ-CP）（疼痛干扰：ICC = 0.71 [0.53-0.83], SEM = 6.29, SDC = 17.43; n = 45）。评估的平均间隔时间为26.8天。结论：PIQ-CP和FOPQ-CP对脑瘫儿童和青少年具有足够的重测信度，包括对不同能力的儿童和青少年。它们现在可以用于临床和研究环境，在干预研究中优先考虑自我报告的疼痛干预和与疼痛相关的恐惧/回避。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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