Postural alignment in static and dynamic conditions in adults with and without forward head posture.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to compare the spinal alignment in static and dynamic postures between adults with and without forward head posture (FHP).

Patients and methods: Between June 2024 and December 2024 a total of 28 participants were included in the study and divided into two groups: the FHP group (7 males, 7 females; mean age: 24.29 years; range, 20 to 31 years) and the without FHP group (8 males, 6 females; mean age: 23.36; range, 21 to 31 years). To assess FHP, the craniovertebral angle was measured using the MB-ruler software. Spinal alignment was evaluated with a three-dimensional spinal structural analysis system, which provided measures of thoracic kyphotic angle, lumbar lordotic angle, sagittal imbalance, and coronal imbalance in standing posture and during walking at speeds of 3, 5, and 6 km/h.

Results: In static posture, participants with FHP demonstrated significantly greater thoracic kyphotic angle and coronal imbalance compared to those without FHP. During dynamic conditions, the sagittal imbalance at a walking speed of 3 km/h was significantly higher in the FHP group.

Conclusion: The characteristics of spinal alignment in both standing and walking should be taken into account when evaluating and managing adults with FHP.