Updating the critical steps of the quality implementation framework: an umbrella review of reviews.

Abstract

Background: The Quality Implementation Framework (QIF) is a widely used process model in implementation science (IS). Since its publication in 2012, the field of IS has expanded considerably, yet QIF has never undergone formal revision. Given recent advances and the complexity in implementation research and practice, this study examines whether QIF continues to capture the full scope of implementation quality and its challenges.

Methods: An umbrella review of reviews was conducted on literature published between 2012 and 2025. Eligible articles reported on the development, application, or update of implementation frameworks within healthcare or social science. Data were deductively mapped to the four phases and 14 steps of the original QIF and inductively mapped to identify knowledge not included in the original framework.

Results: A total of 15 reviews met the inclusion criteria. Most aligned with the core structure of QIF, supporting its continued relevance. However, several reviews highlighted the need to add a pre-implementation phase focusing on evidence appraisal, and a post-implementation phase addressing sustainability. Four cross-cutting domains (service user, intervention deliverer, context, and technology) were identified as critical factors throughout the implementation process.

Conclusions: An updated version of QIF is proposed, building on the original framework while introducing two new phases and four cross-cutting domains. This expanded model reflects recent developments in the literature and provides more comprehensive guidance to support implementation across complex real-world settings; it has important implications for implementation research and implementation practice.

Registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023475994.