Effects of Ice Massage on Pain, Ecchymosis, Hematoma, and Patient Satisfaction When Applied Prior to Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula Cannulation: A Crossover Trial
{"title":"Effects of Ice Massage on Pain, Ecchymosis, Hematoma, and Patient Satisfaction When Applied Prior to Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula Cannulation: A Crossover Trial","authors":"Ercan Bakır, Şeyda Karasu, Ulviye Aydan Nacak, Elanur Yılmaz Karabulutlu, Gülcan Bahçecioğlu Turan","doi":"10.1111/hdi.70089","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Purpose</h3>\n \n <p>To investigate the effects of precannulation ice massage on pain, ecchymosis, hematoma, and patient satisfaction during arteriovenous (AV) fistula cannulation in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>This nonrandomized, sequential crossover study included 40 hemodialysis patients. Each participant underwent routine cannulation (control condition) followed by precannulation ice massage (intervention condition) in subsequent sessions. Pain and satisfaction were assessed using a 10-point Visual Analog Scale. Ecchymosis and hematoma were measured using transparent grid film with computerized area calculation. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and Cohen's <i>d</i>.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Ice massage significantly reduced pain during cannulation (Visual Analog Scale: 2.90 ± 1.08 vs. 6.12 ± 1.34; <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>d</i> = 2.64), 72-h ecchymosis (2.02 ± 0.80 mm<sup>2</sup> vs. 4.95 ± 1.41 mm<sup>2</sup>; <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>d</i> = 2.55), and 72-h hematoma (1.57 ± 1.05 cm vs. 2.85 ± 0.83 cm; <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>d</i> = 1.35). Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the intervention condition (8.12 ± 0.72 vs. 5.02 ± 1.07; <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>d</i> = 3.39).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>Precannulation ice massage is an effective, noninvasive intervention to reduce cannulation pain, minimize local complications, and enhance patient satisfaction. This simple and cost-effective method should be integrated into evidence-based hemodialysis care protocols.</p>\n \n <p>\n <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06332118 (prospectively registered).</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":12815,"journal":{"name":"Hemodialysis International","volume":"30 4","pages":"721-729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4000,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Hemodialysis International","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/hdi.70089","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/5/22 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effects of precannulation ice massage on pain, ecchymosis, hematoma, and patient satisfaction during arteriovenous (AV) fistula cannulation in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis.
Methods
This nonrandomized, sequential crossover study included 40 hemodialysis patients. Each participant underwent routine cannulation (control condition) followed by precannulation ice massage (intervention condition) in subsequent sessions. Pain and satisfaction were assessed using a 10-point Visual Analog Scale. Ecchymosis and hematoma were measured using transparent grid film with computerized area calculation. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance and Cohen's d.
Results
Ice massage significantly reduced pain during cannulation (Visual Analog Scale: 2.90 ± 1.08 vs. 6.12 ± 1.34; p < 0.001, d = 2.64), 72-h ecchymosis (2.02 ± 0.80 mm2 vs. 4.95 ± 1.41 mm2; p < 0.001, d = 2.55), and 72-h hematoma (1.57 ± 1.05 cm vs. 2.85 ± 0.83 cm; p < 0.001, d = 1.35). Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the intervention condition (8.12 ± 0.72 vs. 5.02 ± 1.07; p < 0.001, d = 3.39).
Conclusion
Precannulation ice massage is an effective, noninvasive intervention to reduce cannulation pain, minimize local complications, and enhance patient satisfaction. This simple and cost-effective method should be integrated into evidence-based hemodialysis care protocols.
目的：探讨冰敷对维持性血液透析患者动静脉（AV）瘘置管过程中疼痛、瘀斑、血肿及患者满意度的影响。方法：这项非随机、顺序交叉研究纳入了40例血液透析患者。每个参与者在随后的疗程中进行常规插管（对照组）和预插管冰按摩（干预组）。疼痛和满意度采用10分视觉模拟量表进行评估。采用透明网格膜测量瘀斑和血肿，并用计算机计算面积。数据分析采用重复测量方差分析和Cohen’s d.结果：冰按摩可显著减轻插管过程中的疼痛（视觉模拟量表：2.90±1.08 vs 6.12±1.34;p 2 vs 4.95±1.41 mm2; p）结论：围封前冰按摩是一种有效的、无创的干预措施，可减少插管疼痛，减少局部并发症，提高患者满意度。这种简单且具有成本效益的方法应纳入循证血液透析护理方案。试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT06332118（前瞻性注册）。
期刊介绍：
Hemodialysis International was originally an annual publication containing the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Hemodialysis held in conjunction with the Annual Dialysis Conference. Since 2003, Hemodialysis International is published quarterly and contains original papers on clinical and experimental topics related to dialysis in addition to the Annual Dialysis Conference supplement. This journal is a must-have for nephrologists, nurses, and technicians worldwide. Quarterly issues of Hemodialysis International are included with your membership to the International Society for Hemodialysis.
The journal contains original articles, review articles, and commentary to keep readers completely updated in the field of hemodialysis. Edited by international and multidisciplinary experts, Hemodialysis International disseminates critical information in the field.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
