Phytochemical profiling and anti-obesity potential of the methanol extract of Carica papaya ripe fruit peel.

Abstract

Objective: Carica papaya has been widely recognized for its medicinal benefits, particularly in treating metabolic disorders such as obesity. This study examines the weight loss effects of C. papaya fruit peel and determines its phytochemical composition.

Materials and methods: Various standard procedures were utilized for the identification and quantification of phytochemicals. UV/Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) were utilized to identify the functional groups and volatile compounds. In vitro, pancreatic lipase inhibition assay and in vivo, high-fat diet rat model were used to evaluate the anti-obesity activity of the methanol extract. Lipid profile, liver function tests (LFTs) and renal function tests (RFTs) were measured, and histopathological studies of the pancreas, liver, and kidneys were performed.

Results: The results of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and glycosaponins which are recognized for their anti-obesity properties. GC/mass analysis also confirmed the existence of volatile compounds. The methanol extract from C. papaya fruit peel significantly inhibited pancreatic lipase activity dose-dependently. In vivo studies showed that the methanol extract reduced the weight, improved the lipid profile, and restored the normal structure of the pancreas, liver, and kidneys. These effects were nearly identical to those of the standard reference drug, orlistat.

Conclusion: This study confirms the anti-obesity activity of C. papaya fruit peel. Further clinical studies are needed to validate its safety and efficacy, as well as to explore its underlying mechanisms of action.