Populism, public administration and democratic backsliding: the Indian experience

IF 4.2 2区 管理学 Q1 POLITICAL SCIENCE
Jhumpa Mukherjee
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

While populism is a hotly debated topic around the world, most scholarship suffers from conceptual confusion and regional singularity.This paper compares European and Latin American populism, on the basis of a clear minimum definition, along three dimensions that dominate the scholarly literature on the topic: 1) economy vs. identity; 2) left-wing vs. rightwing; and 3) inclusion vs. exclusion.Empirically, our particular focus is on four prototypical cases of the predominant type of populism in these regions in the 1990-2010 period: Jrg Haider and the Freitheitliche Partei sterreichs (Austrian Freedom Party, FP) and Jean-Marie Le Pen of the French Front National (National Front, FN) in Europe, and Bolivian President Evo Morales and his Movimiento al Socialismo (Movement for Socialism, MAS) and Venezuelan President Hugo Chvez and his Movimiento V [Quinta] Repblica (Fifth Republic Movement, MVR) in Latin America.While our findings confirm some generally held beliefs, they also challenge and clarify some others.Among the more notable conclusions are: 1) populism in Latin America is more ethnic than populism in Europe; 2) the difference between "right-wing" populists in Europe and "left-wing" populists in Latin American is mainly a consequence of their affiliated ideologies, not their populism; 3) in material, political, and symbolic terms European populism is primarily exclusionary, while Latin American populism is predominantly inclusionary; and 4) populism is more important in Latin America than in Europe in electoral, political, and ideological terms. RESUMENSi bien el tema del populismo es ampliamente debatido a lo largo del mundo, la mayor parte de las investigaciones al respecto sufren de confusin conceptual y aislamiento regional.Este artculo compara el populismo europeo y latinoamericano basndose en una clara definicin mnima y en funcin de tres dimensiones que dominan el debate acadmico sobre el tema en cuestin: 1) economa versus identidad; 2) izquierda versus derecha; e 3) inclusin versus exclusin.En trminos empricos, el foco de la investigacin radica en cuatro casos prototpicos del tipo de populismo que es predominante en cada una de estas regiones en el perodo 1990-2010: Jrg Haider y el Freitheitliche Partei sterreichs (FP) y Jean-Marie Le Pen del francs Front National (FN) en Europa, y el presidente boliviano Evo Morales y su Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) y el presidente venezolano Hugo Chvez y su Movimiento V [Quinta] Repblica (MVR) en Amrica Latina.Mientras nuestros hallazgos confirman una serie de opiniones comunes, tambin ponen en cuestin y clarifican ciertos argumentos.Entre las ms notables conclusiones cabe destacar las siguientes: 1) en Amrica Latina el populismo es ms tnico que en Europa; 2) la diferencia entre populismo de 'derecha' en Europa y de 'izquierda' en Amrica Latina es antes que nada una consecuencia de las ideologas que aparecen afiliadas a cada unos de estos populismos; 3) en trminos materiales, polticos y simblicos es posible indicar que el populismo europeo es fundamentalmente exclusivo, mientras que el populismo latinoamericano es principalmente inclusivo; y 4) en trminos electorales, polticos e ideolgicos el populismo es ms importante en Latinoamrica que en Europa.
民粹主义、公共管理和民主倒退:印度的经验
虽然民粹主义在世界范围内是一个热议的话题,但大多数学术研究都存在概念混乱和地区单一性。本文在明确的最低定义的基础上,沿着主导该主题的学术文献的三个维度对欧洲和拉丁美洲的民粹主义进行了比较:1)经济与身份;2)左翼vs右翼;3)包容与排斥。从经验上看,我们特别关注1990-2010年期间这些地区民粹主义主导类型的四个典型案例:欧洲的Jrg Haider和奥地利自由党,法国国民阵线的Jean-Marie Le Pen,玻利维亚总统Evo Morales和他的争取社会主义运动,拉丁美洲的委内瑞拉总统Hugo chavez和他的第五共和国运动。虽然我们的研究结果证实了一些普遍持有的观点,但它们也挑战并澄清了其他一些观点。比较值得注意的结论是:1)拉丁美洲的民粹主义比欧洲的民粹主义更具民族性;2)欧洲“右翼”民粹主义者与拉美“左翼”民粹主义者之间的差异主要是其附属意识形态的结果,而不是他们的民粹主义;3)在物质、政治和象征意义上,欧洲民粹主义主要是排他性的,而拉丁美洲民粹主义主要是包容性的;4)在选举、政治和意识形态方面,民粹主义在拉丁美洲比在欧洲更为重要。“平民主义”是一种“扩大辩论”,“扩大辩论”是一种“扩大辩论”,“扩大辩论”是一种“扩大辩论”,是一种“扩大辩论”。Este文章将欧洲的民粹主义与拉丁美洲的民粹主义进行了比较,并将其与拉丁美洲的民粹主义进行了比较,以确定最基本的定义,并在三个维度上进行了主要的学术辩论,并提出了以下问题:1)经济与身份;2) izquierda诉derecha;e3)包括与排除。从1990年到2010年,海德尔和让-玛丽·勒庞和法国国民阵线(FN)在欧洲,玻利维亚总统埃沃·莫拉莱斯和社会主义运动(MAS)在美洲,委内瑞拉总统乌戈·查韦斯和拉丁美洲共和国(MVR)在拉丁美洲。Mientras nuestros hallazgos确认了“意见共同体”(unserie de opiniones comcomes)的观点,并通过澄清的观点提出了质疑。研究人员总结了以下几个值得注意的结论:1)在美洲,拉丁美洲的民粹主义是欧洲特有的;2)欧洲民粹主义与美洲民粹主义的差异,拉丁美洲民粹主义的差异,拉丁美洲民粹主义的差异,拉丁美洲民粹主义的差异,拉丁美洲民粹主义的差异,拉丁美洲民粹主义的差异;(3)在物质条件下,简单的政治是可能的指标,欧洲的民粹主义是基本的排他性,拉丁美洲的民粹主义是基本的包容性;在拉丁美洲和欧洲,选民、政治家和意识形态以及民粹主义都很重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.60
自引率
10.50%
发文量
31
期刊介绍: As the principal outlet for the Public Policy Section of the American Political Science Association and for the Policy Studies Organization (PSO), the Policy Studies Journal (PSJ) is the premier channel for the publication of public policy research. PSJ is best characterized as an outlet for theoretically and empirically grounded research on policy process and policy analysis. More specifically, we aim to publish articles that advance public policy theory, explicitly articulate its methods of data collection and analysis, and provide clear descriptions of how their work advances the literature.
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