Dimethyl Ferrocene-Induced\nAmbient-Processed High-Quality\nFilms toward Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells for Industrial Application

Abstract

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently\nmade significant\nprogress with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) boosted from 3.8%\nto a certified one over 26.1%, partially benefiting from the high-quality\nperovskite film enabled by the effective one-step spin-coating route.\nHowever, an extra antisolvent step with poor controllability and producibility\nis often involved in such a process, and some intrinsic defects are\ngenerated inevitably, especially in ambient atmospheric conditions,\nthus fundamentally limiting the commercialization of PSCs. Here, we\nintroduce 1,1′dimethyl ferrocene into methylammonium lead halide\nprecursor, which could not only recover the defects within perovskite\nfilm but also simplify the process without the extra antisolvent step.\nAccordingly, a dense and uniform perovskite film with large grains\nhas been obtained under ambient conditions, which has much lower defect\ndensity, better stability against moisture penetration, and enhanced\nthermal tolerance than the control one, delivering a champion PCE\nof 16.92%. Current work sheds light on the simplified air-processed\nstrategy for high-quality perovskite films, which might pave the way\nfor exploring efficient and stable PSCs toward industrial applications.