Thermal and ground deformation monitoring for early detection of volcanic eruptions: a case study of Taal volcano, Philippines

Abstract

Volcanic eruptions, such as those of Krakatau and Pinatubo, are uncontrollable natural phenomena with the potential for widespread destruction, including the global climate. Early detection of volcanic activity is crucial for mitigating risks and preventing loss of life. This study focuses on the Taal volcano, located in the Batangas region of the Philippines, which erupted in January 2020 after being dormant for 43 years. Using satellite remote sensing data, the study employed the Land Surface Temperature (LST) analysis, the Normalized Temperature Index (NTI), and ground deformation monitoring using radar-based the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) InSAR techniques to detect early warning signs of volcanic unrest.