The turkish version of the well-being in pain questionnaire: Cross-cultural adaptation, validation, and evaluation of measurement properties in individuals with chronic low back pain.

Abstract

BackgroundThe Well-Being in Pain Questionnaire (WPQ) assesses psychosocial aspects in individuals with chronic pain.ObjectiveTo translate and culturally adapt the WPQ into Turkish (WPQ-Tr) and evaluate its psychometric properties in individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP).MethodsThe study included 155 participants (105 with CLBP and 50 pain-free controls). Cross-cultural adaptation followed guidelines. Psychometric evaluation assessed internal consistency, test-retest reliability, structural validity, known-groups validity, and convergent validity. Structural validity was examined using principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Known-groups validity was assessed by comparing WPQ-Tr scores between CLBP and pain-free controls. Convergent validity was evaluated by correlations between WPQ-Tr scores and the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7).ResultsThe WPQ-Tr demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.713). Test-retest reliability was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.987 (95% CI: 0.972-0.994). Known-groups validity was supported by significant differences in WPQ-Tr scores between individuals with CLBP and pain-free controls (p < 0.01). PCA indicated a unidimensional structure explaining 54.66% of the variance, supported by CFA. Convergent validity was supported by strong correlations with EQ-5D-5L (ρ = 0.902), PCS (ρ = -0.923), CSI (ρ = -0.923), PSQI (ρ = -0.794), RMDQ (ρ = -0.893), and GAD-7 (ρ = -0.828) (all p < 0.01).ConclusionThe WPQ-Tr is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing well-being in Turkish-speaking individuals with CLBP.