Ethical challenges and multidisciplinary approaches in end-of-life oncology care: Insights from the 2025 AIOM Ethics Days.

Abstract

End-of-life care in oncology represents a complex and multidimensional challenge that requires ethical awareness, effective communication, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Drawing from the discussions and data presented during the 2025 AIOM Ethics Days, this paper highlights key aspects influencing the quality and humanity of end-of-life care. Significant gaps persist in clinicians' knowledge and in the practical implementation of shared care planning, not solved by the dedicated Italian law approved in 2017 (n.219). Communication between oncologists and patients remains a critical factor in fostering informed decisions and emotional support. Awareness of prognosis and early integration of palliative care improve quality of life, yet these remain underutilized. Spiritual support and organizational innovation are increasingly recognized as essential components of comprehensive care. The findings highlight the importance of interprofessional dialogue, ethical reflection, and ongoing education to reduce overtreatment and professional distress. Fostering a culture of respect and shared responsibility is essential to uphold patients' dignity throughout the end-of-life process.