{"title":"Effects of simultaneous and sequential irradiation with pulsed ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared light on microbial inactivation","authors":"Ji-Yoon Lee, Jung-Hee Ryu, Hye-Jae Choi, Hee-Jeong Hwang, Myong-Soo Chung","doi":"10.1007/s10068-026-02118-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The bactericidal efficacy of simultaneous and sequential irradiation with ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), and near-infrared (NIR) light was evaluated using an intense pulsed light (IPL) device equipped with optical bandpass filters. <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Enteritidis, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> were subjected to three treatment modes: simultaneous UV + VIS + NIR, sequential UV followed by VIS + NIR [UV-(VIS + NIR)], and sequential VIS + NIR followed by UV [(VIS + NIR)-UV]. Simultaneous irradiation achieved ≥ 5 log reductions at lower energy doses than both sequential irradiation modes. Between sequential treatments, (VIS + NIR)-UV exhibited faster microbial reduction than UV-(VIS + NIR), highlighting the importance of irradiation sequence. Notably, (VIS + NIR)-UV induced a photoreactivation mechanism that increased the <i>S. aureus</i> population. These results demonstrate that both spectral composition and timing of exposure significantly affect microbial susceptibility to IPL. The findings provide new insights into optimizing wavelength integration and sequencing strategies for effective nonthermal microbial inactivation in food safety applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":566,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Biotechnology","volume":"35 6","pages":"1673 - 1681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10068-026-02118-8.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Food Science and Biotechnology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10068-026-02118-8","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The bactericidal efficacy of simultaneous and sequential irradiation with ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), and near-infrared (NIR) light was evaluated using an intense pulsed light (IPL) device equipped with optical bandpass filters. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were subjected to three treatment modes: simultaneous UV + VIS + NIR, sequential UV followed by VIS + NIR [UV-(VIS + NIR)], and sequential VIS + NIR followed by UV [(VIS + NIR)-UV]. Simultaneous irradiation achieved ≥ 5 log reductions at lower energy doses than both sequential irradiation modes. Between sequential treatments, (VIS + NIR)-UV exhibited faster microbial reduction than UV-(VIS + NIR), highlighting the importance of irradiation sequence. Notably, (VIS + NIR)-UV induced a photoreactivation mechanism that increased the S. aureus population. These results demonstrate that both spectral composition and timing of exposure significantly affect microbial susceptibility to IPL. The findings provide new insights into optimizing wavelength integration and sequencing strategies for effective nonthermal microbial inactivation in food safety applications.
期刊介绍:
The FSB journal covers food chemistry and analysis for compositional and physiological activity changes, food hygiene and toxicology, food microbiology and biotechnology, and food engineering involved in during and after food processing through physical, chemical, and biological ways. Consumer perception and sensory evaluation on processed foods are accepted only when they are relevant to the laboratory research work. As a general rule, manuscripts dealing with analysis and efficacy of extracts from natural resources prior to the processing or without any related food processing may not be considered within the scope of the journal. The FSB journal does not deal with only local interest and a lack of significant scientific merit. The main scope of our journal is seeking for human health and wellness through constructive works and new findings in food science and biotechnology field.