Extracellular vesicle therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms, progress, and prospects.

IF 8.5

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids Pub Date : 2026-03-30 eCollection Date: 2026-01-01 DOI:10.20517/evcna.2025.158

Yiduo Fang, Xiaotong Hao, Bo Fang

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Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, characterized by progressive cognitive decline and a current lack of effective curative treatments. In recent years, extracellular vesicle (EV) therapies have emerged as a cutting-edge approach in AD research due to their unique biological properties. This review systematically examines the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of AD, including their cellular origins and functional attributes. We detail the molecular mechanisms mediated by EVs that influence AD progression and summarize the latest advancements in EV-based therapeutic strategies. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges faced in translating these therapies from bench to bedside, such as standardization, delivery optimization, and safety concerns. Future research directions are discussed to foster the development of innovative and effective treatments for AD. By providing a comprehensive overview, this article aims to lay a theoretical foundation and offer valuable insights for the advancement of novel therapeutic interventions targeting AD.

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阿尔茨海默病的细胞外囊泡治疗：机制、进展和前景。

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是世界上最常见的神经退行性疾病，其特征是进行性认知能力下降，目前缺乏有效的治疗方法。近年来，细胞外囊泡（EV）疗法因其独特的生物学特性而成为阿尔茨海默病研究的前沿方法。本文系统地探讨了EVs在AD发病中的作用，包括它们的细胞起源和功能属性。我们详细介绍了由EVs介导的影响AD进展的分子机制，并总结了基于EVs的治疗策略的最新进展。此外，本综述还讨论了将这些疗法从实验室转化为临床所面临的挑战，如标准化、交付优化和安全性问题。讨论了未来的研究方向，以促进AD的创新和有效治疗的发展。本文旨在通过全面的综述，为推进针对AD的新型治疗干预奠定理论基础并提供有价值的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids

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